(pt.2) Defining Normality and Abnormality

1980

DSM III was published in

DSM III

- Dissimilar to DSM-I and DSM-II

- Relied on empirical data

- Used specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders

- Psychoanalytic language replaced by terminology that reflected no single school of thought

- Multiaxial assessment system

- Longer and more expansive than predecessors

- Included many new disorders

DSM III

Dissimilar to DSM-I and DSM-II

DSM III

Relied on empirical data

DSM III

Used specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders

DSM III

Psychoanalytic language replaced by terminology that reflected no single school of thought

DSM III

Multiaxial assessment system

DSM III

Longer and more expansive than predecessors

DSM III

Included many new disorders

DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR

- Retained major changes introduced by DSM-III

- Introduced significant other changes

DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR

Retained major changes introduced by DSM-III

DSM IIIDSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR

Introduced significant other changes

DSM-5: The Current Edition

- Published in 2013

- First substantial revision after 20 years led by David Kupfer and Darrel Regier

- Researched over 12 years

- Coordinated efforts with WHO

- Steps

- Creation of Task Force

- Work groups

- Scientific Review Committee

- Field trials

- Website dsm5.org to communicate progress to public

2013

DSM 5 was published in

DSM-5: The Current Edition

First substantial revision after 20 years led by David Kupfer and Darrel Regie

David Kupfer and Darrel Regie

DSM 5 revision was led by

12 years

How many years were DSM 5 has been researched

DSM-5: The Current Edition

DSM version that coordinated efforts with WHO

DSM-5: The Current Edition

DSM version with field trials

dsm5.org

The website used by DSM 5 to communicate progress to public

DSM-5: The Current Edition

DSM version were there is a creation of taskforce

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

- Use of biological markers as diagnostic tools

- Rating of disorders/symptoms on a scale

- Dimensional approach toward a disorder

- Rejections of new disorders

- Attenuated psychosis syndrome

- Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder

- Internet gaming disorder

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Use of biological markers as diagnostic tools

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Rating of disorders/symptoms on a scale

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Dimensional approach toward a disorder

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Rejections of new disorders

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Attenuated psychosis syndrome

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder

DSM 5: Changes Considered But Did Not Made

Internet gaming disorder

Dimensional

In DSM 5, ____ approach toward a disorder has been considered for change but did not make it

biological markers

In DSM 5, Use of __________ as diagnostic tools has been considered for change but did not make it

Rating

In DSM 5, ______ of disorders/symptoms on a scale has been considered for change but did not make it

psychosis

In DSM 5, Attenuated ________ syndrome has been considered for change but did not make it

Mixed anxiety-depressive

In DSM 5, ________ disorder has been considered for change but did not make it

Internet

In DSM 5, _______ gaming disorder has been considered for change but did not make it

DSM-5: New Features in DSM-5

- Title change to DSM-5

- Dropped multiaxial assessment system

- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

- Binge eating disorder

- Mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD)

- Somatic symptom disorder (SSD)

- Hoarding disorder

- Bereavement exclusion

- Autism spectrum disorder

- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

DSM-5: New Features in DSM-5

- Bulimia Nervosa

- Anorexia Nervosa

- Substance Use Disorder

- Mental retardation renamed to intellectual disability or intellectual development disorder

- Learning disabilities in math, reading, and writing combined as specific learning disorder

- Obsessive Compulsion Disorder removed from Anxiety Disorders to new category

- Mood Disorder split into two

Title change to DSM-5

The reason for this shift is to enable more frequent minor updates that will be named just as changes to computer operating systems and applications are often named: DSM-5.1, DSM-5.2, etc.

multiaxial assessment

In DSM 5, one new feature includes dropping _______ system

New Features in DSM-5

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is one of the

New Features in DSM-5

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is one of the

New Features in DSM-5

Binge eating disorder is one of the

New Features in DSM-5

Mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD) is one of the

New Features in DSM-5

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is one of the

excluded

In new features of DSM 5, bereavement has been

12

In new feature of DSM 5, the age for ADHD has been increased age of symptoms from 7 to

5

In new feature of DSM 5, the minimum number of symptoms in adults for ADHD increased to ___

once a week

In new feature of DSM 5, in Bulimia Nervosa, frequency of binge eating reduced to ___

85%

In new feature of DSM 5, in Anorexia Nervosa, the reduction of less than _____ of the body weight

New Features in DSM-5

Substance use disorder

New Features in DSM-5

Hoarding disorder

mental retardation

In new feature of DSM 5, _________ renamed intellectual disability or intellectual development disorder

intellectual disability; intellectual development disorder

In new feature of DSM 5, mental retardation renamed ______ or __________

specific learning disorder

In new feature of DSM 5, learning disabilities in math, reading, and writing combined as______________

Obsessive Compulsion Disorder

In new feature of DSM 5, ______________removed from Anxiety Disorders to new category

Anxiety Disorders

In new feature of DSM 5, Obsessive Compulsion Disorder removed from ___________ to new category

Depressive Disorders

Bipolar and related disorders

In new feature of DSM 5, Mood Disorders split into two

DSM-5: Controversy Surrounding DSM-5

- Many "work group" members quit midway

- Leaders of mental health organizations boycotted DSM-5

- Most vocal critic was Allen Frances

- Specific criticism by others

boycotted

In controversy sorrounding DSM 5, leaders of mental health organizations _____DSM-5

Allen Frances

Most vocal critic of DSM 5 was

Allen Frances criticism

The following are part of _________ criticism sorrounding DSM 5:

- Changes unsafe and scientifically unsound

- Medical illnesses diagnosed as somatic symptom disorder

- DSM-5 will mislabel normal people, promote diagnostic inflation, encourage inappropriate medication use

Allen Frances

In his criticism of DSM 5, he claims that changes unsafe and scientifically unsound

somatic symptom disorder

In Frances Allen's criticism of DSM 5, he claims that medical illnesses diagnosed as ___________

Allen Frances

In his criticism of DSM 5, he claims that DSM-5 will mislabel normal people, promote diagnostic inflation, encourage

inappropriate medication use

Specific criticism by others

The following are some of the _________ surrounding the DSM 5:

- Diagnostic overexpansion

- Transparency of the revision process

- Membership of the Work Groups

- Field trial problems

- Price

Strengths of the DSM 5

- Emphasis on empirical research

- Use of explicit diagnostic criteria

- Interclinician reliability

- Atheoretical language

- Facilitated communication between researchers and clinicians

- Breadth of coverage

- Controversial cutoffs

- Cultural issues

- Gender bias

- Non-empirical influences

- Limitations on objectivity

reliability

In criticism of the DSM, one of the strengths has been the interclinician ____

empirical

In criticism of the DSM, one of the strengths has been emphasis on ______ research

atheoretical

In criticism of the DSM, one of the strengths has been the use of __________ language

Non-empirical

In criticism of the DSM, one of the strengths has been the _______ influences