Lymphoma and Myeloma Flashcards

What are hematologic malignancies?

Hematologic malignancies include leukemias, lymphomas, and plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma.

What is the difference between leukemia and lymphoma?

Leukemia is a malignancy that starts in the bone marrow and can spread to the blood and lymph nodes, whereas lymphoma starts in the lymph nodes and can spread to blood and marrow.

Name the two major types of leukemias.

Acute leukemias and chronic leukemias.

What are the two types of lymphomas?

Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

What is lymphadenopathy?

Lymphadenopathy is the enlargement of lymph nodes, often due to infection or malignancy.

What is the most common cause of lymphadenopathy?

The most common cause overall is a benign reaction to infection.

What is MALT lymphoma associated with?

MALT lymphoma is associated with Helicobacter pylori.

What staging is used for follicular lymphoma?

Staging is indicated as Stage I (single node), Stage II (two or more nodes on the same side of the diaphragm), Stage III (lymph nodes on both sides), and Stage IV (diffuse extranodal involvement).

What is the characteristic symptom of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?

Symptoms include painless, firm lymphadenopathy and 'B' symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever.

What type of cells proliferate in multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is characterized by a malignant proliferation of plasma cells.

What are Reed-Sternberg cells?

Reed-Sternberg cells are a characteristic feature of Hodgkin lymphoma.

What is the most common type of M protein produced by myeloma cells?

The most common type of M protein produced by myeloma cells is IgG.

What are common clinical features of multiple myeloma?

Common clinical features include weakness, infections, renal failure, bone pain, and hypercalcemia.

What types of lymphomas involve 'big, ugly' cells and are considered high-grade?

High-grade lymphomas include large cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma.

What treatment options are available for multiple myeloma?

Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, and bone marrow transplant.

What indicates a good prognosis in Hodgkin lymphoma?

Younger patients often have localized disease and generally a good prognosis.