Advanced Biochem: Unit 1 Flashcards

biochemistry

describes in molecular terms the structures, mechanisms, and chemical processes shared nu all living organisms

metabolome

entire collection of small molecules in a given cell under a specific set of conditions

metabolomics

the systematic characterization of the metabolome under very specific conditions

macromolecules

polymers with molecular weighs above ~5,000 Da that are assembled from relatively simple precursors

oligomers

short polymers (500 Da or less)

informational macromolecules

names for proteins, nucleic acids, and some oligosaccharides, given their information-rich subunit sequences

proteins

long polymers of amino acids
can function as enzymes, structural elements, signal receptors, transporters

proteome

sum of all the proteins functioning in a cell

proteomics

the systematic characterization of this protein complement under a specific set of conditions

nucleic acids

DNA and RNA, polymers of nucleotides
store and transmit genetic information

genome

entire sequence of a cell’s DNA or RNA

genomics

the characterization of the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes

polysaccharides

polymers of simple sugars

glycome

entire complement of carbohydrate-containing molecules

lipids

water-insoluble hydrocarbon derivatives

lipidome

the lipid containing molecules in a cell

configuration

the fixed spatial arrangement of atoms

stereoisomers

molecules with the same chemical bonds and same chemical formula but different configurations