Population Dynamics and Migration

Flashcards covering population density, distribution, dynamics, demographic transition model, and migration.

What are some physical factors influencing population distribution?

Climate, landforms (including elevation), and access to water.

How do human factors affect population distribution?

Culture, economics, history, and politics influence where people settle.

What is arithmetic population density?

The number of people per unit of land.

What is physiological density?

The number of people per unit of arable land, indicating pressure to produce food.

If a country has lower agricultural density, is farming mechanized or subsistence?

Mechanized

If a country has higher agricultural density, is farming mechanized or subsistence?

Subsistence

How does population density and distribution affect politics?

It can shift the balance of power in government representation.

How does population density and distribution affect economics?

It affects the incentive to open businesses and the allocation of money for infrastructure.

How does population density and distribution affect social processes?

It influences the availability of schools and hospitals.

How does population density and distribution affect the environment?

It puts pressure on land for food and water (carrying capacity).

What does the age structure of a population indicate?

How a population is growing or declining.

What does a high dependency ratio indicate?

It indicates pressure on the working population and how profits are distributed.

What does sex ratio show?

Comparison of how many people who work makes to females

What does a population pyramid with a wide base indicate?

Rapid growth due to more younger people than older people, common in developing countries.

What does a population pyramid with a narrow base indicate?

Population decline, and labor shortages.

What does fertility rate measure?

Population's ability to have children and indicates future population growth.

What are fertility rates measured by?

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR).

What does a TFR of 2.1 indicate?

Stable population.

What does a TFR of 1.5 indicate?

Population decline.

What does a TFR of 4.3 indicate?

Population growth.

What does the Crude Death Rate indicate?

How long people live, generally decreasing globally.

What does the Infant Mortality Rate indicate?

Level of nutrition, access to clean water, and healthcare.

What factors determine population growth/decline?

Social, cultural, political, and economic factors.

What did Malthusian theory argue?

That population would outpace food production.

What are anti-natalist policies?

Policies to decrease CBR due to concerns of rapid population growth.

What are pro-natalist policies?

Policies to increase CBR due to concerns of aging populations.

How does increased access to education for women affect fertility rates?

Fertility rates decrease.

How does increased family planning affect fertility rates?

Fertility rates decrease because people factor in the ability to control when (or if) they are pregnant.

How does increased employment affect fertility rates?

Fertility rates decrease because it activates delays in child bearing age and marriage.

How are populations of migrant origin affected?

Women are more likely to have healthier babies by having increased access to healthcare.

What are push factors in migration?

Reasons people emigrate, such as war, famine, or natural disasters.

What are pull factors in migration?

Reasons people immigrate, such as job opportunities, freedom, or lack of persecution.

What are intervening obstacles in migration?

Challenges migrants face on their journey.

What is forced migration?

Migration where people leave against their will (e.g., slavery, genocide).

What is Transnational Migration?

Migrants that stay connected and retain cultural and family ties to homeland, often send remittances

What is Internal Migration?

Migration across borderd

What are destination countries economic effect of migration?

Immigrants provide labor, they often take lower wage jobs and lower the dependency ratio

What is the effect on countries whose people migrate?

More jobs for citizens, often are left with aging people, and families often get more money to live.