Psy 101 Chap 9 theories + parenting styles

Kandy Patrick

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 yrs) PIAGET

• Coordinate sensations with movements.
• Object permanence.
• Progress from reflexive action to symbolic thought

Preoperational Stage (2-7 yrs) PIAGET

• Symbolic thinking: words and images.
• Intuitive reasoning.
• Egocentrism.

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 yrs) PIAGET

Operational thinking (e.g.,
conservation).
• reversibility.
Classification skills.
Reason logically in concrete contexts.

Formal Operational Stage (11-15 yrs) PIAGET

• Lasts through adulthood.
• Abstract and idealistic thought.
• Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

adolescent egocentrism

Trust vs Mistrust ERIKSON (Infancy: birth-18 ms)

• basic needs met by sensitive caregivers.

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt ERIKSON (Toddler: 18ms - 3yrs)

• discover and assert will of their own.

Initiative vs Guilt ERIKSON (Preschool: 3-5rys)

challenged to assume responsibility

industry vs inferiority EIRKSON (Middle School: 6-11yrs)

mastering knowledge and intellectual skills

Identity vs Confusion ERIKSON (Teen: 12-18yrs)

Intimacy vs Isolation ERIKSON (YA: 18-40 yrs)

Generativity vs Stagnation ERIKSON (Middle Age: 40-65yrs)

Integrity vs Despair ERIKSON (Older Adulthood: 65yrs-Death)

Authoritarian (Baumride)

• Parents are controlling and punitive.
• Likely to occur in families under
financial stress.
• May be affected by culture.
• Children may lack social skills, show
poor initiative, and compare
themselves with others.

Authoritative (Baumride)

• Parents encourage independence
with limits.
• Parents warm and nurturing.
• Correlated with child’s social
competence, social responsibility,
and self-reliance.

Neglectful (Baumride)

parents are generally uninvolved

correlated with less social competence and poor self-control in child

Permissive (Baumride)

parents are involved but place few limits

correlated with child’s poor social competence, lack of respect for others, and poor self-control

Preconventional (Kohlberg Moral)

behavior guided by punishments and rewards

Conventional (Kohlberg Moral)

standards learned from parents and society

Postconventional (Kohlberg Moral)

contracts, rights, and abstract principles

Identity Diffusion (Marcia identity status)

no exploration or commitment

Identity Foreclosure (Marcia identity status)

commitment without exploration

Identity Moratorium (Marcia identity status)

exploration without commitment

Identity Achievement (Marcia identity status)

commitment after exploration