EXAM 1 LECTURE/LAB QUIZ

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

tissues

The lungs are located in the following cavity:

thoracic cavity 

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

gross/macroscopic

What is another term for “neck”?

cervical

The following organ system is responsible in the physical and chemical breakdown of food, the absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of solid waste:

digestive

Which of the following statements is most true concerning feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is best defined as:

organ

________ is another name for Anterior.

ventral

A transverse cut separates the structure to be viewed as:

horizontally superior and inferior

Which term means towards the back of the body or behind?

dorsal

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter, which are also known as the “major elements” are ________.

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Globular structures that act as biological catalysts, that regulate and increase speed of chemical reactions.  This definition best describes:

proteins

What is the name given to a positively charged atom?

cation

The atomic number, found in the lower left subscript of an element, represents the total number of:

protons

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms (ex. H2)?

covalent

This type of energy is best described as being stored in the body and awaiting future use:

potential energy

The atomic number is equal to the number of _______ in the nucleus

protons

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________ for future use.

glycogen

The following subatomic particle is found in the valence shell of the atom:

electrons

The most significant solvent in the human body is found in the form of:

blood

In what quadrant is the appendix located in:

RLQ

Where are the lungs located:

Pleural cavity

What type of plane/cut is “B” referring to:

Coronal

What type of plane/cut is “A” referring to:

Sagittal

What level of organization is “E” indicating

tissue

What action is being performed:

auscultation

What is the scientific term for “neck”

cervical

The illustration below best depicts what organ system whose main function is to secrete hormones:

Endocrine system

What directional term best describes “E”:

Posterior

What directional term best describes “A”:

Lateral

Regarding the sub-script number on the upper left, how is it best defined:

Mass number- number of protons and neutrons

The following equitation is an example of what type of chemical reaction: AB --> A + B.  This would also involve the breaking of bonds.

decomposition

The following statement is false:

electrons are considered to have mass

How many protons does neon have:

10

what type of bond has occurred:

Double covalent bond

what type of reaction has occurred

Synthesis

The following is not considered a major element in the body:

water

what monosaccharide is the most abundant type that is found in things like grains, corn, and starches:

Glucose

The following is an example of what type of bond

ionic

The following type of bond is not considered a true bond and is very common between dipoles
(hint- think water):

hydrogen bond

Which of the following best describes/defines the plasma membrane?

a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

Chromosome are made up of what two structures?

histone protein and DNA

Transcription of DNA into mRNA occurs in what organelle/structure:

nucleus

The following is true of the rough ER

It is responsible for the synthesis of membrane integral proteins

The main function of cholesterol within the cell membrane is to________

Increase membrane stability

The main function of the mitochondria is to______

provide energy to the cell through cell respiration

The organelle that is responsible for the packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids:

Golgi Apparatus

What is the subtype of RNA that is being passed through the ribosome as it is being read and proteins are being synthesized?

mRNA

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome to assist in protein synthesis is ________.

tRNA

The function of rRNA is to do the following:

synthesize ribosome

What type of cell structure is pictured below.  This type of cell extension is required for intestinal homeostasis and is specialized for absorption of nutrients:

Microvilli

What type RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus. 

rRNA

Where does translation of RNA to a protein chain occur:

In the cytosol of the cell

What is the name of the organelle that exports substances to the outside of the cell via exocytosis once post-translational peptide modification occurs via by the addition of M-6-P, N-oligosaccharide, and/or O-oligosaccharides
(hint: it’s like the post office of the cell):

Golgi apparatus

What organelle pictured below contains its own DNA:

mitochondria

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.

UCG

Regarding the organelle below, where is the majority of ATP generated.  This is the structure where the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is located.

Cristae (inner membrane)

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in degrading, digesting and destroying old cells and foreign cells. It contains a variety of digestive hydrolytic enzymes that can break down all organic particles.

Lysosomes

The ____ is the point where the amini-acid tRNA (aa-tRNA), deposits the amino acid to grow the polypeptide chain.

P site

The basic functional unit of living organisms is the __________.

cell

Crenation is most likely to occur in red blood cells immersed in ________.

a hypertonic solution

With respect to the sodium potassium ATP pump the following statement is FALSE:

The type of pump uses secondary transport to move Na and K across the membrane

The Na+/K+ pump is a prime example of what type of transport mechanism

primary active transport

The following are examples of the vesicular transport system with the exception of:

Filtration

The following dynamic does not influence diffusion:

availability of glucose as an energy source

the lungs exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide is an example of what transport mechanism:

simple diffusion

Regarding the biochemical mechanism of filtration; what organ best exemplifies its use:  

kidney

A red blood cell placed into a container of distilled water will ________ water via ____________.

gain; osmosis

Two important passive processes for membrane transport are ________.

diffusion and filtration

Which of the following statements is true?

Active processes require ATP.

The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength, which allows them to absorb shock, is because they are primarily composed of what tissue type:

fibrocartilage

The simple columnar epithelium that forms absorptive cells of the digestive tract has which apical characteristic?

microvilli

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is characterized in the following way:

lines most of the upper respiratory tract

Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of the alveolar membranes?

simple squamous

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium would be most likely located in the following location 

mouth

This type of cell is not found in connective tissue proper:

chondrocytes

Groups of cells that are of similar embryonic origin, similar in structure, and perform a common or related function form what type of structure:

tissue

The shape of the external ear is maintained by what type of tissue:

elastic cartilage

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

simple columnar

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

what type of transport mechanism is shown below:

Primary active transport

Similar to phagocytosis but ingests fluid rather than particulate matter.  Plasma membrane infolds, bringing extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes inside cell

pinocytosis

What mechanism best exemplifies the ability of the lungs to exchange O2 poor blood with O2 rich blood:

Simple diffusion

Cells lose water by ____ and _____ in a hypertonic solution (contains a higher concentration of solutes than are present inside the cells).

osmosis; crenate

In the passive processes of simple diffusion and osmosis, substances and water move down their concentration gradients, moving from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations.

true

Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion, because they are uncharged, nonpolar molecules.

true

Which of the following is not an example of simple diffusion?

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

When Na⁺ is initially pumped out of the cell (and K+ pumped into the cell), the Na⁺ will move back into the cell down its concentration gradient and drives the transport of other substances across the cell membrane (like glucose or amino acids), this is an example of what transport mechanism.

secondary active transport

Cells gain water by ____ and _____ in a hypotonic solution (contains a lower concentration of solutes than are present inside the cells).

Osmosis; swell

what happens to RBCs immersed in an isotonic solution 

Nothing

What type of tissue is being depicted:

Dense regular

Identify the tissue:

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the tissue

Blood

Identify the tissue

Cardiac muscle

Identify the tissue:

Nervous tissue

which of the following is not a special characteristic of epithelia

They are innervated and have a direct blood supply

A prime example of where to find simple squamous epithelium is in what type of organ system:

Respiratory

Where would the following type of epithelia be found.  It chiefly functions to assist in absorption of nutrients and secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances:

Digestive

Where would the following epithelia type not be found in:

trachea

What structure is “B” pointing to:

Collagen fiber