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Constitutional Government

A system of government where the powers of the government are defined and limited by a constitution.

Governor General

The representative of the Queen in Canada, appointed to perform ceremonial duties.

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Part of Canada's Constitution that guarantees civil rights to all Canadian citizens.

Executive Branch

The branch of government led by the Prime Minister, responsible for proposing bills and managing government operations.

Legislative Branch

The branch of government consisting of the Prime Minister, House of Commons, and Senate, responsible for debating and voting on laws.

Members of Parliament (MPs)

Elected representatives in the House of Commons responsible for representing individual ridings.

Senate

The upper house of Canada's Parliament, composed of Senators appointed by the Governor General.

Judicial Branch

The branch of government that interprets and applies the law, acting as a check on the power of the executive and legislative branches.

Majority Government

A government formed by a political party that holds more than 50% of the total number of seats.

Minority Government

A government formed by a political party that holds the most seats but not more than 50%.

Media Bias

The presentation of opinion as fact by the media, promoting a singular viewpoint instead of impartial news.

Lobby Groups

Organizations that influence government officials and MPs to support specific causes.

Federal Accountability Act

An act aimed at promoting government spending accountability and regulating lobbyists.

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)

Legislation aimed at providing consequences for young offenders aged 12-17 while considering their maturity.

Four Factors for Consequences

Seriousness of the offense, history of the young person, attitude of the young person, and circumstances of the young person.

Charter Rights

Rights provided under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, including mobility, equality, legal rights, and more.

Collective Rights

Rights guaranteed to specific groups, such as Anglophones, Francophones, and Indigenous peoples, to affirm their identity.

Ethnocentrism

The belief in the superiority of one's own culture over others.

The Indian Act

A Canadian law that governs First Nations peoples, often without their consent.

Push Factors

Factors that drive people to leave their home country, such as poverty or violence.

Pull Factors

Attributes of another country that attract immigrants, like safety or job opportunities.

Point System

A system that assesses economic immigrants based on skill, education, and background for immigration to Canada.

Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP)

A program allowing Canadian employers to hire foreign workers to fill temporary labor shortages.