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Three distinguishing traits of animal phyla

symmetry, tissue layers, developmental patterns

Endoderm becomes

lining of organs inside the animal

Mesoderm becomes

the organs (muscles, bones, etc.)

Protostome definition

mouth forms first before the anus

Deuterostome definition

anus forms first before the mouth

Adult sponges are

sessile (anchored in place)

Examples of cnidarians

jellyfish, sea anemone, hydra

Polyp form description

tubular body, mouth and tentacles at top, cylindrical base

Medusa form description

free-swimming, mouth and tentacles on the bottom (e.g., jellyfish)

Digestive cavity of flatworms

gastrovascular cavity (one opening)

Three classes of flatworms

planarians (non-parasitic), flukes (parasitic), tapeworms (parasitic)

Nematodes common name

roundworms

Type of digestive tract in roundworms

complete digestive tract (two openings)

Tough outer covering of roundworms

cuticle

Mollusk examples

oysters, garden snails, squids

Tissue layers of mollusks

three

Digestive tract of mollusks

complete

Three common structures of mollusks

visceral mass, mantle, muscular foot

Annelid examples

earthworms, leeches

Key feature of annelid bodies

segmentation (division into sections)

Earthworm digestive organ that sucks in soil

pharynx

Phylum Arthropoda key feature

jointed appendages

Term for fused head and thorax

cephalothorax

Arthropod circulatory system type

open circulatory system

Sensory organs of arthropods

antennae, hairs, eyes

Four major classes of arthropods

crustaceans, chelicerates, insects, myriapods

Crustacean body segments

cephalothorax and abdomen

Hard covering that protects crustacean sides

Carapace

Chelicerates: example animals

horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, mites (arachnids)

Chelicerate walking legs

four pairs

Do chelicerates have antennae?

no

Chelicerate mouthparts

fanglike pincers that inject venom

Insects: number of antennae pairs

usually one pair

Complete metamorphosis stages in order

egg — larva — pupa — adult

Incomplete metamorphosis stages in order

egg — nymph — adult

Echinoderm examples

starfish, sea urchin, sand dollars

Adult echinoderm symmetry

radial

Larval echinoderm symmetry

bilateral

Tissue layers in echinoderms

three

Digestive tract of echinoderms

complete

Echinoderm skeleton type

endoskeleton

Deuterostome or protostome? Echinoderms are

deuterostome

Water vascular system function

canals filled with water change pressure to move tube feet

Echinoderms are most closely related to

chordates