Study Guide for Test 5: BSC2085C Anatomy Physiology I

A set of flashcards to assist in studying key concepts from the lecture on the Autonomic Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System, and Sensory Systems in Anatomy Physiology I.

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

The part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions, affecting cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

Effectors

Muscles or glands that respond to motor neuron signals. In SNS, effectors are skeletal muscles; in ANS, they are cardiac, smooth muscles, and glands.

Preganglionic Fibers

The first neuron in the ANS pathway that extends from the CNS to a ganglion.

Postganglionic Fibers

The second neuron in the ANS pathway that extends from the ganglion to the effector organ.

Sympathetic Division

The part of the ANS that prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Division

The part of the ANS responsible for 'rest-and-digest' functions.

Dual Innervation

The concept that most organs receive input from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Receptive Field

The area monitored by a single sensory receptor.

Adaptation

The decreased sensitivity of sensory receptors to a constant stimulus.

Phasic Receptors

Sensory receptors that adapt quickly to constant stimuli.

Tonic Receptors

Sensory receptors that adapt slowly to stimuli.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory receptors that detect chemical changes in the environment (e.g., smell and taste).

Thermoreceptors

Sensory receptors that detect temperature changes.

Photoreceptors

Sensory receptors that detect light; include rods for dim light and cones for color vision.

Nociceptors

Sensory receptors that detect pain.

Fovea Centralis

The area of the retina responsible for sharpest vision.

Presbyopia

A condition resulting from the loss of elasticity of the lens, causing difficulty in seeing near objects.

Sound Pathway

The route sound waves travel from the auricle to the cochlea in the ear.

Semicircular Canals

Structures in the inner ear that help regulate rotational movement and balance.

Vertigo

Dysfunction of the semicircular canals, leading to a false sensation of movement.