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PWD, Children, Elderlies, Senior citizens, Immunocompromised Patients
Susceptible in community
HEALTH
āa state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.ā
WHO
Definition of Health According to: ____________
āa state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.ā
COMMUNITY
Seen as a group or collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social units, and sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/ or goals.
The Philippine Public Healthcare Scenario
The scenario requires strategies that will maximize limited resources such as
LGU augment national budget to an undetermined extent.
The scenario requires strategies that will maximize limited resources such as health promotion and disease prevention.
relatively small
The national budget allocation for health care is _________-
LGU
they augment national budget to an undetermined extent
Health promotion
- starts on ourselves.
Community/Public Health Nursing
The synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice.
Major Goal of CHN
Preserve the health of the community and surrounding population by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of individual, family and group within community.
CHN/ PHN
is associated with health and identification of population at risks rather than with an episodic response to patient demand.
Mission of Public Health
Social justice that entitles all people to basic necessities, such as adequate income and health protection, and accepts collective burdens to make possible.
Social injustice starts with poverty
Social justice can be achieved through implementing equality, and establishing fairness.
Social justice
entitles all people to basic necessities, such as adequate income and health protection, and accepts collective burdens to make possible.
can be achieved through implementing equality, and establishing fairness.
social injustice
starts with poverty
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
The variety of characterization of the world illustrates the difficulty of standardizing the conceptualization of health.
People
Place
Interaction
Common characteristics, interests, and goals.
Defining attributes of community
Geopolitical Communities AKA Territorial Communities
Phenomenological Communities AKA Functional Communities
Two Main Types of Communities
Geopolitical Communities (Territorial Communities)
Most traditionally recognized.
Defined or formed by both natural and man-made boundaries and include barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, regions, and nations.
Phenomenological Communities AKA Functional Communities
Refer to relational, interactive groups, in which the place or setting is more abstract, and people share a group perspective or identity based on culture, values, history, interest, and goals.
Territorial Communities
also known as Geopolitical Communities
Functional Communities
also known as Phenomenological Communities
Income and Social Status
Education
Physical Environment
Employment and Working Conditions
Social Support Networks
Culture
Genetics
Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
Health Services
Gender
Determinants of Health and Disease
Income and Social Status
Higher-income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poor health, the greater differences in health.
Higher-income and social status
are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poor health, the greater differences in health.
Education
Low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence.
Low education levels
are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence
Physical Environment
Safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses communities and roads all contribute to good health.
Employment and Working Conditions
People in employment are healthier, particularly those who have control over their working conditions
Social Support Networks
Greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health.
Culture
Customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health.
Genetics
Inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness, and the likelihood of developing illnesses.
Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
Balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking and how we deal with lifeās stresses and challenges all affect health.
Health Services
Access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health.
Health promotion
Activities enhance resources directed at improving well-being.
Disease prevention
Activities protect people from disease and effects of disease
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Leavell and Clarkās Three Levels of Prevention
Leavell and Clarkās Three Levels of Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Primary Prevention
General health promotion and specific protection.
Ex. Brgy. Health center
Relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering
Secondary Prevention
⢠Early detection and prompts intervention.
⢠Ex. District hospitals
⢠Early detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease pathogenesis.
⢠Implemented after a problem has begun but before signs and symptoms appear and targets populations who have risk factors (Keller).
Tertiary Prevention
⢠Targets populations that have experienced disease or injury and focuses on limitations of disability and rehabilitation.
⢠Aim: Reduce the effects of disease and injury and to restore individuals to their optimum level of functioning.
⢠Physical Activity
⢠Walking for health
⢠Healthy Eating
⢠Stop Smoking
⢠Mental Health
⢠Sexual Health
⢠Community Development
⢠Healthy Schools
⢠Health Trainers
Health Promotion
PHN (FREEMAN 1963)
may be defined as the field of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community.
These skills are applied in concert with those of other persons engaged in health care, through comprehensive nursing care of families and other groups and through measures for evaluation or control of threats to health, for health education of the public and for the mobilization of the public for health action.
PHN (ANA 1996)
āThe practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social and public health sciencesā
āPopulation-focused, with the goals of the promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be healthy.ā
CHN
⢠emphasizes preservation and protection of heath
⢠the primary client is the community
Community-based Nursing
ā¢Emphasizes on managing acute and chronic.
Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and group where they live, work go to go school, or they move through the health care system.
Setting-specific, and the emphasis is on acute and chronic care and includes practice areas such as home health nursing and nursing in outpatient or ambulatory setting.
Focused on individual and family health needs.
Moving from traditional settings to community/neighborhood locations.
Integrated system of health care including institutions, providers, agencies, policies, payment plans, family, and patients.
individual and the family
the primary clients in community-based nursing are the
Population-Focused Nursing
Concentrates on specific groups of people and focuses on health promotion and disease prevention, regardless of geographical location (Baldwin et al., 1998).
Focused Practice
1. Focuses on the entire population
2. Based on assessment of the populationsā health status
3. Considers the broad determinants of health
4. Emphasizes all levels of prevention
5. Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals and families
promote healthy communities
goal of population-focused practice
Home Health Care
Hospice Home Care
Entreprenurse
Faith Community Nursing or Parish Nursing
EMERGING FIELDS OF CHN IN THE PHILIPPINES
Home Health Care
This practice involves providing nursing care nursing care to individuals and families in their own places of residence mainly to minimize the effects of illness and disability
Hospice Home Care
Homecare rendered to the terminally ill. Palliative care is particularly important
Entreprenurse
A project initiated by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), in collaboration with the Board of Nursing of the Philippines, Department of Health, Philippines Nurses Association and other stakeholders to promote nurse entrepreneurship by introducing a home health care industry in the Philippines.
To deliver home health care services.
Main Purpose of Entreprenurse
Faith Community Nursing or Parish Nursing
Nurses in practice in which provides spiritual care.
Safe and Quality Nursing Care
Management of Resources and Environment
Health Education
Legal Responsibility
Ethico-moral Responsibility
Personal and Professional Development
Quality Improvement
Research
Records Management
Communication
Collaboration and Teamwork
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN CHN
Safe and Quality Nursing Care
knowledge of health/illness status of the client, sound decision making; safety, comfort, privacy, administration of meds and health therapeutics and nursing process.
Management of Resources and Environment
organization of workload; use of financial resources for client care; mechanism to ensure proper functioning of equipment and maintenance of a safe environment
Health Education
assessment of clientās learning needs; development of health education plan and learning materials and implementation and evaluation of health education plan.
Legal Responsibility
adherence to the nursing laws as well as to national, local and organizational policies including documentation of care given to clients.
Ethico-moral Responsibility
respect for the rights of the client; responsibility and accountability for own decisions and actions; and adherence to the international and national codes of ethics for nurses.
Personal and Professional Development
identification of own learning needs, pursuit of continuing education; involvement in professional image; positive attitude towards change and criticism.
Quality Improvement
data gathering for quality improvement; participation in nursing rounds; identification and reporting of solutions to identifies problems related to client care.
Research
research-based formulation of solutions to problems in client care and dissemination and application of research findings
Records Management
accurate and updated documentation of client care while observing legal imperatives and record keeping
Communication
uses therapeutic communication techniques, identifies verbal and nonverbal cues, responds to client needs, while using formal and informal channels
Collaboration and Teamwork
establishment of collaborative relationship with colleagues and other members of health team.
1577
- Franciscan FriarJuan Clemente opened medical dispensary in Intramuros for the indigent
1690
- Dominican Father Juan de Pergero worked toward installing a water system in San Juan del Monte and Manila
1805
Smallpox vaccination was introduced by Francisco de Balmis , the personal physician of King Charles IV of Spain
1876
- First medicos titulares were appointed by the Spanish government
1888
- 2-year courses consisting of fundamental medical and dental subjects was first offered in the University of Santo Tomas. Graduated were known as ācirujanos ministrantesā and serve as male nurses and sanitation inspectors
1901
- United States Philippines Commission, through Act 157, created the Board of Health of the Philippine Islands with a Commissioner of the Public Health, as its chief executive officer (now the Department of Health
Fajardo Act of 1912
- Created sanitary divisions made up of one to four municipalities. Each sanitary division had a president who had to be a physician
1915
- The Philippine General hospital began to extend public health nursing services in the homes of patients by organizing a unit called Social and Home Care services
Asociacion Feminista Filipina (1905)
- Lagota de Leche was the first center dedicated to the service of the mothers and babies
1947
- The Department of Health was reorganized into bureaus: quarantine, hospitals that took charge of the municipal and charity clinics and health with the sanitary divisions under it.
1954
- Congress passed RA 1082 or the Rural Health Act that provided the creation of RHU in every municipality
RA 1891
- Enacted in 1957 amended certain provisions in the Rural Health Act. Created 8 categories of rural health units corresponding to the population size of the municipalities.
RA 7160 (Local Government Code)
- Enacted in 1991, amended that devolution of basic health services including health services, to local government units and the establishment of a local health board in every province and city of municipality.
Millennium Development Goals
- Adopted during the world summit in September 2000
1999
- FOURmula One (F1) for health, 2005 and Universal Health Care in 2010 agenda
Universal Health Care
⢠Aims to achieve the health system goals of better health outcomes, sustained health financing, and responsive health system that will provide equitable access to health care.