Characteristics, Classification, Cell structure, Movement in and out of cells Test

What are cells?

The smallest unit of living things

What are prokaryotic cells?

cells with no true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles an example is bacteria

What are eukaryotic cells?

cells with a true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles some examples are plants and animals

What is the function of the nucleus?

The nucleus contains DNA on chromosomes and controls the activities of the cell

What is the cell membrane?

selectively-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves

What is cytoplasm?

the liquid and organelles of the cell

What is the nucleolus?

 part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes

What are vesicles?

small packages of substances in the cell that move proteins around

What are ribosomes?

structures that make proteins using instructions from the DNA

What is the mitochondria?

Location of aerobic respiration (where energy is released)

What is the cell wall and what is it made out of?

The cell wall is made out of cellulose and it gives structure and support to the cell

What is the large vacuole?

stores water and gives the cell structure

What is the formula for magnification?

eyepiece lens x objective lens

How can you find magnification?

size of image/actual size

How can you find actual size?

Image size/magnification

How can you find image size?

Actual size x magnification

What are ciliated cells?

cells that have hairs (cilia) that move mucus up and away from the lungs in the trachea and bronch

What are root hair cells?

Cells that have long projections that give a larger surface area for absorption of water

What are xylem vessels?

long cells with walls strengthened with a substance called lignin for transporting water

What are Palisade mesophyll cells?

plant cells in the upper layer of leaves that have large numbers of chloroplasts that help carry out photosynthesis

What are nerve cells?

elongated cells that have a fibre that can conduct electrical impulses

What are red blood cells?

disc-shaped, biconcave, large surface area and haemoglobin for transporting oxygen

What is the simple structure for the organization of living things?

Cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

What are tissues?

A group of similar cells that carry out a function

What is an organ?

An organ is a structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions.

What is an organ system?

An organ system consists of a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions.

What does permeable mean?

a membrane that allows all substances to pass in and out

What does impermeable mean?

a membrane that does not allow any substances to pass in and out

What does selectively permeable mean?

a membrane that allows some substances to pass freely in and out but controls the movement of other substances

What is diffusion?

The net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient.

Where does the energy for diffusion come from?

The energy for diffusion comes from the random movement of molecules and ions.

What are some factors that affect diffusion?

Surface area, Short distance, Temperature, and Concentration gradient

What is a solvent?

 a liquid that dissolves other substances

What is a solute?

a substance that has been dissolved

What is osmosis?

the movement of water particles through a partially permeable membrane from a high water potential(dilute) to a low water potential (more concentrated) solution.

What is active transport?

the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy in the form of ATP i.e. against the gradient