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What are cells?
The smallest unit of living things
What are prokaryotic cells?
cells with no true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles an example is bacteria
What are eukaryotic cells?
cells with a true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles some examples are plants and animals
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains DNA on chromosomes and controls the activities of the cell
What is the cell membrane?
selectively-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves
What is cytoplasm?
the liquid and organelles of the cell
What is the nucleolus?
part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes
What are vesicles?
small packages of substances in the cell that move proteins around
What are ribosomes?
structures that make proteins using instructions from the DNA
What is the mitochondria?
Location of aerobic respiration (where energy is released)
What is the cell wall and what is it made out of?
The cell wall is made out of cellulose and it gives structure and support to the cell
What is the large vacuole?
stores water and gives the cell structure
What is the formula for magnification?
eyepiece lens x objective lens
How can you find magnification?
size of image/actual size
How can you find actual size?
Image size/magnification
How can you find image size?
Actual size x magnification
What are ciliated cells?
cells that have hairs (cilia) that move mucus up and away from the lungs in the trachea and bronch
What are root hair cells?
Cells that have long projections that give a larger surface area for absorption of water
What are xylem vessels?
long cells with walls strengthened with a substance called lignin for transporting water
What are Palisade mesophyll cells?
plant cells in the upper layer of leaves that have large numbers of chloroplasts that help carry out photosynthesis
What are nerve cells?
elongated cells that have a fibre that can conduct electrical impulses
What are red blood cells?
disc-shaped, biconcave, large surface area and haemoglobin for transporting oxygen
What is the simple structure for the organization of living things?
Cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are tissues?
A group of similar cells that carry out a function
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions.
What is an organ system?
An organ system consists of a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions.
What does permeable mean?
a membrane that allows all substances to pass in and out
What does impermeable mean?
a membrane that does not allow any substances to pass in and out
What does selectively permeable mean?
a membrane that allows some substances to pass freely in and out but controls the movement of other substances
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient.
Where does the energy for diffusion come from?
The energy for diffusion comes from the random movement of molecules and ions.
What are some factors that affect diffusion?
Surface area, Short distance, Temperature, and Concentration gradient
What is a solvent?
a liquid that dissolves other substances
What is a solute?
a substance that has been dissolved
What is osmosis?
the movement of water particles through a partially permeable membrane from a high water potential(dilute) to a low water potential (more concentrated) solution.
What is active transport?
the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy in the form of ATP i.e. against the gradient
