Respiratory System and Effects of Smoking Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the transport of oxygen, the chemical content of tobacco smoke, and respiratory diseases based on the lecture transcript.

Tar

A carcinogenic chemical found in tobacco smoke that can cause cancer.

Carbon monoxide

A gas that competes with oxygen to bind with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, resulting in a reduced supply of oxygen to the cell.

Nicotine

A substance in tobacco smoke that stimulates the growing of cancer cells and constricts blood vessels.

Nitrogen dioxide

A chemical that can dissolve in mucus to form an acidic medium which erodes lung tissue.

Laryngitis

The loss of voice resulting from the irritation of the lungs by heat and dryness.

Oxyhaemoglobin

The product formed in the blood when oxygen enters red blood cells, expressed as $\text{Haemoglobin} + \text{oxygen} \rightarrow \text{oxyhaemoglobin}$.

Cellular respiration

The process that takes place using oxygen and glucose, summarized as $\text{Glucose} + \text{oxygen} \rightarrow \text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water} + \text{energy}$.

Bronchitis

A disease caused by smoking that leads to the loss of cilia and increased mucus production.

Emphysema

A disease characterized by the destruction of the alveolar wall and a greatly reduced surface area.

Pneumonia

A condition caused by smoking that results in fluid in the air sacs.

Asthma

A respiratory condition characterized by an inflamed airway.

Alveoli

Numerous air sacs in the lungs with moist surfaces and one-cell thick walls to increase the rate of gas diffusion.

Arsenic

A poison found in tobacco smoke.

Methanol

A chemical found in tobacco smoke that is also used as rocket fuel.

Ammonia

A substance found in tobacco smoke that is used as toilet cleaner.

Cadmium

A chemical found in tobacco smoke used in batteries.

Toluene

An industrial solvent contained within tobacco smoke.

Carboxyhaemoglobin

The compound formed by the reaction $\text{carbon monoxide} + \text{haemoglobin} \rightarrow \text{carboxyhaemoglobin}$.