Study Guide 1: The Progressive Era

Progressivism-

-movement for social change in the late 1890’s

-fear of big business & corrupt government

-fixed problems caused by industrialization and urbanization and political corruption

Taylorism-

the factory management system that was used to manage the factories

Teleology-

the study of how history was moving toward a final end/diving purpose

Pragmatism-

believes in many truths that can be found through trial and error (relative truth, religion nd science true, religion is emotional nd personal, scienece is supported by facts nd other ppls experiments.

Behaviorism-

-john watson

-measures human behavior

-believes human behavior can be shaped

-emotion is subjective

Brandis Brief-

-highlighted the damaging aspects of long working hours on women (legal theory)

Scientific Management-

-optimized, simpler job=more productivity

-workers nd managers need to cooperate

Teddy Roosevelt-

-progressive party

-16 amendment (federal income tax)

-17 amendment (Us senators elected w popular vote)

Alice Roosvelt-

-roosvelt’s unruly daughter (pagan, race cars, cigarettes, placed bets, partyed)

-refuted the staunch social norms placed on women

-many supporters (had many fan mail)

Square Deal-

a fair bargain or treatment

Trustbusting-

government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies nd trusts

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)-

-conservation through planned management

-John Muir and preservation

John Muir-

• Scotish immigrant

• born christion w minister father

• knew bible by heart buttttt felt connect to nature

• believed mankind is just a part of an interconnected natural world

• God=nature

Emma Goldman-

• socialist & anarchist

• arrested bc she protested the draft WWI

• speeches on:

  • atheism

  • free love

  • capitalism

  • homosexuality

  • marriage

  • freedom of speech

Decline of Manliness-

• Basically everyone was like yo gentlemen are “manly” bc of industrial revolution

• this is bc of cars nd stuff that made ppl be like oh gentlmen are proper nd stuff not “rugged” and “savage”

Masculinity in the Progressive Era-

• Basically everyone was like yo gentlemen are “manly” bc of industrial revolution

• but then roosevelt was shown as “rugged” nd thennnnn

• physical vigor and fitness became more widespread

• “Roosevelt: ‘The Strenuous Life’ “

American Bohemians-

• followers prioritize community living and artisitc endevours

• reject mainstream society constraints like money and social etiquette

Floyd Dell-

-published a socialist magazine for the foundation of the village voice

Margaret Sanger-

• nurse & social reformer for more info abt contraceptives

• she didn’t like the poverty nd thought that less children=less struggle in poverty

• opened the 1st birth control clinic and was jailed for it for 30 days

Jack Johnson-

• 1st african-american heavyweight champion of the world

• caused debate bc he was superior over white opponents

• arrested bc of the mann act

• married lucille cameron, a prostitute who was used to frame him for the mann act

• eventually gets arrested nd put in federal prison

The Mann Act-

• white slave traffic act

• made it illegal to transport women across state lines for prostitution, debauchery, and immoral purpose

• could criminalize many forms of consensual sexual activity

• used as blackmail and used to politically persecute jack johnson nd others

Jane Addams-

• lobbyed laws governing child labor

• helped protect immigrants from exploitation

• limit women working hrs, mandated schooling for kids

• first VP of the national american women suffrage association

• hull house to help people

Eugenics-

• practice or advocacy of controlled selective breeding of human populations (as by sterilization) to improve the populations’ genetic composition

Women’s Suffrage-

• women’s right to vote

Susan B. Anthony-

• prez of the national women suffrage assocication

• 19th amendment

Elizabeth Cady Stanton-

• helped found the national woman suffrage association along with susan b anthony

Alice Paul-

• quaker suffragist who fough to secure woman’s right to vote

• wrote the equal rights amendment

Congressional Union Party-

The Constitutional Union Party was a United States third party active during the 1860 elections. It consisted of conservative former Whigs, largely from the Southern United States, who wanted to avoid secession over the slavery issue

National Association of Colored Women-

Founded in 1896, the year of the Supreme Court's “equal, but separate” decision, NACW was the first national organization of black women. It united middle-class associations in a strong body.

16th Amendment-

• authorizes a federal graduated income tax

17th Amendment-

• U.S. senators will be elected with the popular vote

18th Amendment-

• Eighteenth Amendment, amendment (1919) to the Constitution of the United States imposing the federal prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment-

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex

Social Gospel Movement-

• the social gospel was a religious social reform movement within Protestantism in the United States from about 1870 to 1920

• the movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, child labor, and war

William Howard Taft-

• dollar diplomacy (substitute dollars for bullets)

• helped strengthen China with investments but this made Japan Angy

• mobilized 20,000 American soldiers along the Mexican border

Woodrow Wilson-

• 14 clauses

• league of nations

• missionary diplomacy

Federal Reserve Act-

• 12 banks that managed all the US money

• could adjust interest rates and nation’s money supply