exam 3 chapter 19

three disorders that affect eating

anorexia, nausea, vomiting

t/f anorexia is always associated with a mental disease

false

intractable vomiting

vomiting that is difficult to manage or cure

related concern to vomiting

short term: fluid & electrolyte balance
long term: dehydration & weight loss

What category of foods are considered to contribute to nausea?

High fat foods are considered to contribute to nausea.

What is included in the range of symptoms associated with disorders of the Esophagus?

Choking, heart burn, and chest pains

dysphagia

condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful

What are the three phases of swallowing?

Oral phase, pharyngeal phase (liquid bolus passes through pharynx), and esophageal phase (bolus moves into the stomach).

What is Oropharyngeal Dysphagia?

Oropharyngeal dysphagia occurs when there is difficulty in the initial stage of swallowing that involves transferring food from the mouth into the esophagus.

What is oropharyngeal dysphagia typically caused by?

It is typically caused by neurologic or muscular disorders such as a stroke, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction, muscular dystrophy, radiation injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and head and neck tumors.

What is Esophageal Dysphagia?

Difficulty passing food down the esophagus.

what is esophageal dysphagia typically caused by

Caused by either a motility disorder or a mechanical obstruction.

What is the goal of nutrition therapy for dysphagia?

To modify the texture of foods and/ or viscosity of liquids to promote safe and efficient swallowing, allowing the client to achieve adequate nutrition and hydration while decreasing the risk of aspiration.

What does the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative of 2016 include? And What is the purpose?

People with Dysphagia normally cannot eat runny foods so they must use honey thick, thickener to make it a better consistency so they can eat. Like with chicken broth you have to use 2-3 to get it to the right consistency.

T/F Maintaining nutrient and fluid needs in client with dysphagia is easy with all the options on the market today.

true

What is the flow test used for?

A correct level of thickness based on the rate of flow using a syringe

What is the IDDSI fork test?

To see if the thickness is the correct consistency for that patient.

What does GERD stand for and what happens in the esophagus?

GERD stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, there is a backflow of gastric acid into the esophagus.

What are the 3 examples of GERD trigger foods listed in the text?

Citrus, alcohol, and carbonated beverages

What is a risk factor for GERD?

Obesity is an important risk factor for GERD

How is Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) defined?

Erosion of the GI mucosal layer caused by an excess secretion of, or decreased mucosal resistance to, hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

What are the main risk factors for PUD?

Helicobacter plori infection and use of NSAIDs

What is the most common symptom of PUD?

Epigastric pain

T /F Nutrition and diet have been found to play a major role in causing and preventing PUD.

false

What is Gastroparesis?

Delayed gastric emptying , a chronic motility disorder of the stomach that can cause nausea, vomiting, bloating early satiety, and upper abdominal pain.

What complications causes this to be potentially life threatening?

Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, malnutrition, and poor glycemic control.

Food should be limited that are high in ___to prevent further delayed gastric emptying.

fiber

Malabsorption of micronutrients, post gastrectomy, may lead to

iron deficiency anemia
vitamin B12 deficiency
bone disease

A large volume of hypertonic fluid In the jejunum accompanied by cramping, diarrhea and abdominal pain could be caused by

dumping syndrome

T / F Nutritional intervention can control or prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

true