Els final

Mineral

Mineral

Composed by chemical compound that is made up of tightly linked or tied elements

Mineral

Each has a specific value/use

Rocks

Composed of one or more minerals

Minerals

They have definite chemical composition

Carbonites

What group of elements is used for chalk

Sulfides

What group of elements is a great source of iron and lead

Sulfates

What group of elements is used for orthopedic casts

Native elements

What group of elements is used for jewelries and coins

Phosphates

What group of elements is used for fertilizer

Crystallization

As the magma cools different crystals form at different temperature

Metamorphism

A rock that is exposed to extreme heat and pressure but does not melt

Igneous

Form from cooling and hardening of molten magma and can be form by slowly cooling beneath the surface or more quickly at the surface

Extrusive

Forms when magma makes its way to earth's surface as lava then cools

Extrusive

Aphanitic- Very small or fine grained

Intrusive

Cools slowly beneath the earth surface and are created by magma

Intrusive

Phaneritic- Very large/coarse grained

Ultramafic

Igneous rock composition that is very dark in colour

Mafic

Igneous rock composition that is dark colour and made up of magnesium and iron

Intermediate

Igneous rock composition that is between mafic and felsic

Felsic

Igneous rock composition that is light in colour

Aphanitic

Fine grained

Phaneritic

Coarse grained

Porphyritic

Large crystals with small crystals

Glassy

Non ordered solid from rapid quenching

Pyroclastic

Composite of elected fragments

Sedimentary

Formed by the compaction and cementing together of sediments and can be formed through erosion and weathering of other rocks

Sedimentary

Has distinct layering on it's surface and it's commonly found in different bodies of water

Sedimentary

Soft and mabilis magpira-piraso since it's made up of sediments

Erosion

Due to mass movement

Deposition

Carried by wind and water

Compaction

Due to high pressure off layered sediments resulting to binding of elements

Cementation

Layering of sediments one solid sample

Lithification

The process of compaction and cementation

Clastic

Form from class or pieces of other rocks like sandstone, conglomerate, breccia, shale

Organic

Form from hard biological materials like plants, shells, bones that are compressed into rocks

Chemical

Form from chemical precipitation and evaporation

Metamorphic

Forms when minerals in an existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure below the surface and can undo physical and chemical change

Metamorphic

A type of rock that is usually found in deeper crust and is super strong, has smooth texture due to foliation

Regional

Due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of crust and has direct contact with heat

Contact

Mainly by heat due to contact with magma

Texture

Refers to the size arrangement and grains within rocks

Foliation

Any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within a rock

Mineral

Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with definite internal structure and chemical composition

Luster

It is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

Metallic luster

Generally opaque and exhibit replesdent shine similar to a polished material

Metallic

Gold, copper, pyrite, sphalerite, cinnabar are examples of

Non metallic luster

Generally looks like glassy, dull, greasy, silky, or brilliant

Non metallic

Quartz, diamond, garnet, opal, calcite are examples of

Hardness

Measure the resistance of mineral to abrasion

Color

Unique identifying property of certain minerals

Streak

The colour of a mineral in powdered form using streak plate

Non metallic

When a mineral is scratched to a steak plate and the colour is the same

Metallic

When a mineral is scratched to a steak plate and the colour is NOT the same

Crystal form

External shape of a crystal, it is the natural shape of the mineral before the development of any cleavages or fracture

Cleavage

Break along parallel repetitive planes of weakness to form smooth flat surface

Fracture

The broken surface that are irregular and non planar, rough, jagged surface

Density

The ratio of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal volume of water

d=m/v

Formula for density

Silicates

Si + O

Carbonates

C + 3 oxygen

Oxide

1 oxygen + Other elements

Sulfates

S + 4 Oxygen

Sulfides

S + Oxygen

Native elements

These are PURE ELEMENTS

Metal

High thermal and electrical conductivity

Semi metal

Fragile than metals and have lower conductivity

Non metal

Non conductive and is insulator

Halides

Made with halogen elements (Cl, br, I, at, F)

Natural hazard

Threat of an event that will likely have a negative impact brought by either geological or atmospheric process

Geological hazard

Brought by geological processes/movement of plates

Earthquake

Movement of magma sa mantle because of convection current

Tectonic

A type of earthquake wherein anyone can experience this

Volcanic

A type of earthquake wherein only the people near the area can experience

Casualties

Magnitude: Vibration

Intensity: ??

Volcanic eruption

Release of ashes and gas

Local

A type of tsunami wherein the origin is in the shallow part of the water and has 1 hour duration

Farfield

A type of tsunami that is far and in the deeper level of the sea with a duration of 5days-7weeks

Liquefaction

To liquid state

Hydrometeorological Hazard

Brought by different atmospheric processes

Thunderstorm

When the initial climate is hot, high evaporation rate and high temperature

Philippines institute of volcanology and seismology

Meaning of PHIVOLCS

Philippines atmospheric geophysical and astronomical administration

Meaning of PAGASA

National disaster Risk reduction and management council

Meaning of NDRRMC

Department of science and technology

Meaning of DOST