Extra MS stuff

Skeletal Muscle

A type of muscle tissue that is voluntary, striated, and multinucleated.

Smooth Muscle

A type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, non-striated, and uninucleated.

Cardiac Muscle

A type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, striated, and uninucleated.

Voluntary Muscle

Muscle tissue that is under conscious control, such as skeletal muscle.

Involuntary Muscle

Muscle tissue that is not under conscious control, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.

Striated Muscle

Muscle tissue that has a striped appearance due to the arrangement of contractile proteins, found in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Non-striated Muscle

Muscle tissue that does not have a striped appearance, found in smooth muscle.

Multinucleated Muscle

Muscle tissue that contains multiple nuclei within a single muscle fiber, found in skeletal muscle.

Uninucleated Muscle

Muscle tissue that contains a single nucleus within a muscle fiber, found in smooth and cardiac muscle.

Endomysium

A membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibers, providing support and protection.

Perimysium

A membrane that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles), providing structure and carrying blood vessels and nerves.

Epimysium

A membrane that surrounds the entire muscle, connecting it to surrounding tissues and providing a pathway for nerves and vessels.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone, providing joint stability.

Tendons

Connective tissues that connect muscle to bone, transmitting muscle force to bone for movement.

Cross-Bridge Formation

The binding of myosin to actin, forming a cross-bridge during muscle contraction.

Power Stroke

The pivoting of the myosin head, pulling actin towards the center during muscle contraction.

Cross-Bridge Detachment

The detachment of myosin from actin, caused by ATP binding during muscle relaxation.

Cocking of Myosin Head

The energy-dependent process of cocking the myosin head for the next cycle of muscle contraction.

Lactic Acid Accumulation

The buildup of lactic acid due to anaerobic metabolism during intense exercise, leading to muscle burning.

Rigor Mortis

The stiffening of muscles post-mortem due to calcium flooding into the muscles and lack of ATP for cross-bridge detachment.

Neuromuscular Junction

The site where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber, allowing for communication and muscle contraction.

Ions

Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), and Potassium (K+) ions involved in muscle contraction and nerve signaling.

Neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that transmits signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction.

Origin

The attachment site of a muscle with less movement during contraction.

Insertion

The attachment site of a muscle with more movement during contraction.

Prime Mover

The muscle primarily responsible for a specific movement.

Antagonists

Muscles that oppose the prime mover, providing resistance during movement.

Purpose of Membranes

Endomysium, Perimysium, and Epimysium provide structural support, carry blood vessels and nerves to muscle fibers.