Tudor terminology

Divine rights of kings

The belief that monarchs derive their authority directly from God and are accountable only to Him.

Arable farming

Farming focused on growing crops like wheat and vegetables, particularly on ploughed land.

Enclosure (land)

The process of converting shared or open land into private, fenced-off property, often disadvantaging small farmers.

Customs duties

Taxes imposed on goods that are imported or exported, used by Henry VII to increase government income.

Primogeniture

The rule that the eldest son inherits all from his father, including land and titles.

Nobility

The upper class just below royalty, including dukes and earls, with significant land ownership and influence.

Gentry

Wealthy landowners who are not noble but still possess social and political influence.

Laity/laymen

Ordinary people who are not part of the clergy or church leadership.

Patronage

The practice of providing support or favors to secure loyalty and influence, often by those in power.

Secular

Anything not related to religion; for example, secular laws are not based on religious beliefs.

The pope/papacy

The pope is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, and the papacy is his office, holding significant influence in Europe.

Evangelicalism

A movement within Protestant Christianity emphasizing the authority of the Bible and spreading the Christian message, prominent during the Reformation.

Usurper

A person who takes power or a position without legal right, such as Henry VII, who was considered a usurper for taking the throne through battle.