Chapter 8:Gases, Liquids and Solids
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20 Terms
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Avogadros law
According to ________, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its molar amount at a constant pressure and temperature.
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metal crystal
When a(n) ________ receives a sharp blow, no spatially oriented bonds are broken; instead, the electron sea simply adjusts to the new distribution of cations.
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Metallic solids
________, such as silver or iron, can be viewed as vast three- dimensional arrays of metal cations immersed in a sea of electrons that are free to move about.
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Molecules
________ on the surface are less stable because they feel fewer attractive forces, so the liquid acts to minimize their number by minimizing surface area.
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Charles's law
________: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure.
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Gay Lussac's law
________: The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume.
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Amorphous solid
________ is a solid whose particles do not have an orderly arrangement.
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composition of air
The ________ does not change appreciably with altitude, but the total pressure decreases rapidly.
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→Boyles law
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature
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→Charless law
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure
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→Gay-Lussacs law
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume
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Standard temperature and pressure (STP)
0 °C (273.15 K); 1 atm (760 mmHg)
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Standard molar volume
Volume of one mole of any ideal gas at STP, 22.4 L> mol
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Normal boiling point
The boiling point at a pressure of exactly 1 atm
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Heat of fusion
The quantity of heat required to completely melt 1 g of a substance once it has reached its melting point
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Heat of vaporization
The quantity of heat needed to completely vaporize 1 g of a liquid once it has reached its boiling point
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surface tension
caused by the different forces experienced by molecules in the interior of a liquid and those on the surface
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crystalline solids
solid whose atoms, molecules, or ions are rigidly held in an ordered arrangement.
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covalent network solids
whose atoms are linked together by covalent bonds into a giant three-dimensional array
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amorphous solids
solid whose particles do not have an orderly arrangement.