Key Concepts from the Age of Reformation and The Catholic Reformation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on the Age of Reformation and the Catholic Reformation.

Catherine de'Medici

Queen of France known for her influence during the French Wars of Religion.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

A targeted massacre of Huguenots in France on August 24, 1572.

War of the Three Henrys

A conflict for power in France involving Henry III, Henry of Navarre, and Henry II of Guise.

Henry IV

The first Bourbon king of France who issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598.

Charles V (HRE)

Holy Roman Emperor who ruled over a vast empire during the Reformation.

Maximilian

The Holy Roman Emperor who was known for his political maneuvering and alliances.

Ferdinand II

The Holy Roman Emperor whose reign saw the Thirty Years' War.

Richelieu

Chief minister to Louis XIII, known for strengthening the central state.

Gustavus Adolphus

King of Sweden known for his military innovations and influence during the Thirty Years' War.

politiques

Political leaders in France who prioritized stability over religious unity.

Edict of Restitution

A 1629 decree aiming to restore Catholic properties taken by Protestants.

Spanish Armada

The fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, ultimately defeated.

Council of Blood

A tribunal established by Duke of Alva to punish Dutch rebels.

Union of Utrecht

A 1579 alliance of northern Dutch provinces against Spanish rule.

The Catholic Reformation

A movement to reform the Catholic Church in response to Protestantism.

Jesuit Order

A religious order created to spread Catholicism and education during the Reformation.

Council of Trent

A council convened to address issues of church discipline and doctrine.

St. Teresa of Avila

A Spanish mystic and reformer of the Carmelite order.

Ursulines

A religious order focused on educating girls and women.

Roman Inquisition

An institution established to combat heresy and enforce Catholic doctrine.

Index of Prohibited Books

A list of publications deemed heretical by the Catholic Church.

Social Hierarchies

The organized ranking of individuals based on social status.

Blood sports

Activities involving the killing of animals for entertainment.

La Querrelles des Femmes

A debate about women's roles and education in society.

Saint's day festivities

Celebrations in honor of saints, often involving public gatherings.

Carnival

A festive season before Lent celebrated with parades and feasting.

Witchcraft

The practice of witchcraft, often persecuted during the Reformation.

The Witches Hammer

A treatise advocating the persecution of witches.

Charivari

A folk custom involving public ridicule of people.

Stocks

A device used for punishment, restraining individuals in a public place.

Public whipping

A punishment involving beating individuals in front of the public.

Mannerism

An artistic style characterized by exaggerated forms and dramatic compositions.

Baroque Art

An artistic style emphasizing grandeur, emotion, and movement.

El Greco

A painter known for his unique style blending Byzantine and Western art.

Artemisia Gentileschi

A prominent female artist noted for her works depicting strong women.

Gian Bernini

A leading sculptor and architect of the Baroque period.

Peter Paul Rubens

A Baroque painter known for his vibrant color and dynamic compositions.

Religious pluralism

The coexistence of multiple religions within a society.

Protestant and Catholic reformations

Movements aimed at correcting perceived errors within the church.

Religious reform

The process of changing beliefs and practices in response to new ideas.

State control of religious institutions

Government regulation and oversight of religious organizations.