Religion Study Guide

Aristotle's ethical philosophy

To have a good life, one must do good to others.

Immanuel Kant's view on ethics

Focuses on intention over feelings in moral actions.

Emmanuel Levinas' ethical principle

The idea of walking in others' shoes to understand their perspective.

The 10 Commandments

Moral directives in Christianity that guide ethical behavior.

St. Thomas Aquinas' virtues

Prudence, Justice, Temperance, Fortitude, Faith, Hope, Love.

The Eight Beatitudes

Teachings of Jesus that describe the attitudes and behaviors that lead to happiness.

Parable of the Lost Sheep

Illustrates God's love and mercy for sinners.

Corporal Works of Mercy

Acts of service that extend God's compassion to others, including feeding the hungry and visiting the sick.

Spiritual Works of Mercy

Actions such as advising the doubtful and comforting the sorrowful.

Objective vs Subjective Morality

Objective morality asserts certain acts are wrong regardless of cultural acceptance; subjective morality is based on personal or cultural beliefs.

Venial Sin

A lesser offense which damages but does not destroy one's relationship with God.

Mortal Sin

A grave offense that destroys one's relationship with God.

Forgiveness in Christianity

The act of releasing resentment against someone who has wronged you.

The Sacred and Secular aspects of forgiveness

Forgiveness for yourself and the release of negative feelings towards others.

The Problem of Evil

The dilemma of how free will allows for both good and bad actions.

Judgement

The act of evaluating actions rather than the heart of a person; we should hate the sin, not the sinner.

Naturalism on freedom

The belief that freedom is an illusion and individuals are not responsible for their actions.

Social Determinism

The theory that social factors dictate behavior, suggesting humans lack true freedom.

Religious Determination

The belief that God's control restricts human freedom.

The Role of Conscience

A guide to recognizing right and wrong, urging individuals to make moral decisions.

The 7 Deadly Sins

Pride, Envy, Wrath, Sloth, Greed, Gluttony, Lust.

The Big 3 of Conscience

The capacities to recognize right and wrong, process moral reasoning, and make moral judgments.

Catholic Guilt

Awareness of having violated an objective standard, distinct from shame.

Cultural Norms

Rules that guide how individuals act in society based on societal standards.

Secular Norms

Norms that govern behavior without religious influence.

Sacred Norms

Those influenced and motivated by religious beliefs.