Redox Reactions and Stoichiometry

Flashcards designed to help the student review and memorize key concepts related to redox reactions, stoichiometry, and yield calculations in chemistry.

What is oxidation state in a redox reaction?

The 'charge' each atom would have if all shared electrons were assigned to the atom with the greatest attraction for those electrons.

What are the rules for determining oxidation states?

1. Element in its natural state has oxidation state of zero; 2. Monoatomic ion has oxidation state equal to its charge; 3. In a neutral compound, oxidation states sum to zero; 4. In a polyatomic ion, oxidation states sum to the ion's charge.

How do you identify a redox reaction?

By comparing oxidation states of atoms in reactants and products; if oxidation states change, it signifies a redox reaction.

What is oxidation in a redox reaction?

The process of losing electrons and an increase in oxidation state.

What is reduction in a redox reaction?

The process of gaining electrons and a decrease in oxidation state.

What is stoichiometry?

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations.

How do you convert moles of one substance to another in stoichiometry?

Use the coefficients in the balanced equation as conversion factors.

What is the formula to calculate percent yield?

% Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100%.

What is a limiting reactant?

The reactant that runs out first, limiting the amount of product formed.

What do you calculate to find the theoretical yield?

The amount of product you expect to produce if you use up all of the limiting reactant.

What is the difference between actual yield and theoretical yield?

Actual yield is the amount of product obtained from an experiment, while theoretical yield is the maximum amount expected based on stoichiometry.

How do you determine the limiting reactant?

Calculate the amount of product produced by each reactant, and the one producing the least is the limiting reactant.