Nutrition Unit 1 Test

Chapters 1,2,8,12

basic building blocks that are complex

cells

what does the nucleus produce

genetic material

what does the mitochondria produce

energy

what are ribosomes

protein

endoplasmic reticulum is for….

transportation

what destroys bacteria that invade

lysosomes and peroxisomes

what are tissues?

a group of cells sharing a common structure and function

What are organs?

groups of tissues that support functions

what foods are high in nutrients but low in calories?

nutrient-dense foods

small groups of nutrients needed for the body

micronutrients

what are examples of micronutrients?

vitamins and minerals

what are the three units of measurement?

mass, length, and volume

what group releases physical guidelines?

HHS

what group releases health risk information to prevent disease?

CDC

what are a few factors that drive food choice?

habits, cultures, mood, environment, advertising, social factors

a type of carbohydrate that is indigestable by enzymes

fiber

the amount of energy you receive from food

calories

a nutrient used to promote chemical reactions and help form body structures

minerals

compounds composed of amino acids

protein

class of nutrients that is sugar, starches, and dietary fibers

carbohydrates

what do you call the thickening of the arteries caused by the growth of deposits containing lipids and other materials

atherosclerosis

what is a goiter?

an enlarged thyroid gland caused by a deficiency in iodine

a small amount of sodium iodide or potassium iodide that is added to table salt

iodized salt

How do you assess nutritional status?

Anthropometry, Biochemical methods, clinical methods, and dietary methods

a complete living system capable of conduction all of life’s biological processes.

Organism

Slippery substance secrete by cells in the GI lining that protect the cells from digestive juices

mucus

peristalsis

coordinated muscular contractions and relaxations

what aids the breakdown of starches?

salivary amylase

food that is made into a small ball after chewing and swallowing

bolus

mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions

chyme

protein-digesting enzyme

pepsin

enzyme that neutralize stomach acids

pancreatic juice

chemical ions released into the small intestines to neutralize stomach acid

bicarbonate

digestive fluid that aids lipid digestion and is stored in the gallbladder and made in the liver

bile

amino acids

molecules that build proteins

electrically charged ions dissolved in a solution

electrolytes

iron containing proteins found in red blood cells transporting oxygen

hemoglobin

glucagon

hormone in the pancreas stimulating the breakdown of liver glycogen and synthesis of glucose

glycogen

storage form of a complex carbohydrate with multiple units together

job of blood cells: red, white, platelet, ph, hematocrit

oxygen carry, prevent disease, prevent bleeding disorders, abnormalities, anemia risk

a microorganism causing disease

pathogens

supportive connective tissue of the body

bone tissue

what nutrients remodel bone tissue?

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride, vitamin D and vitamin k

all macronutrients are soluble in water except

Lipids

single cell organisms do not have to…

live with other cells

AMDR

calculated range of how much energy from carbs, fats, and protein is recommended

RDA

recommended dietary allowance

half of the plate should be

fruits and vegetables

a quarter of your plate should be

grains

a quarter of your plate (bottom) is

protein

extra calories

discretionary

obesity is what rank in leading health risks

5thpo

poses a threat to macromolecules

free radicals

glucose is usually converted into

fat

the daily value DV is

the amount of nutrients recommended for a day

the four main types of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, steriods, waxes

what are triglycerides?

long term energy stored in fat tissue and body insulation

what are phospholipids?

form a protective double-layer barrier of cell membranes

what are steroids?

stabilizing cell membranes and building hormones

what are waxes for?

repelling water and protecting surfaces in nature and the ear

what are anthropometric assessments?

physical measurements

what are biochemical assessments?

lab tests using blood or urine

what are clinical assessments

physical examinations of hair skin eyes or tongue

what are dietary assessments

hisotrical data of food frequencies

what is joule?

how much energy is needed

catabolism?

release energy

anabolism?

consume energy

how many servings of dairy?

one

what is the job of the adequate intake?

goals for nutrition

what is the goal for the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels?

distinguish helpful and harmful nutrients

what percents are too low in servings?

5%

what percent is too high in servings?

10%