L1a: Intro to Anesthesia

what are the anesthesia phases?

1. pre-anesthetic assessment

2. premedication

3. IV catheter placement

4. induction / intubation

5. maintenance

6. recovery

what phase of the anesthetic process should be prioritized for enhanced safety measures?

recovery period

what are the most important components to evaluate in a physical exam during the pre-anesthetic assessment?

cardiovascular and respiratory system

what does every patient that is unconscious require?

IV catheter placement

what steps do we take when securing the airway?

1. have supplies ready

2. pre-oxygenate patient

3. complete anesthetic checlist

4. leak test and check machine

why is it important that we pre-oxygenate the patient when intubation?

sedative cause respiratory depression during the pre-med

what is included in the pre-anesthetic evaluation?

1. history

2. physical exam

3. age

4. species / breed / size

5. temperament

what parameters are evaluated in young healthy dogs during pre-anesthetic evaluation?

1. hematocrit

2. total protein

3. creatine

4. glucose

what parameters are evaluated in young healthy cats during pre-anesthetic evaluation?

1. hematocrit

2. total protien

3. creatine

4. BUN

5. glucose

what parameters are evaluated in young healthy rabbits during pre-anesthetic evaluation?

1. hematocrit

2. total protein

3. glucose

what would an ASA score of 1 mean?

normal patient with no disease

what would an ASA score of 2 mean?

patient with mild systemic disease that does not limit normal function

what would an ASA score of 3 mean?

patient with severe systemic disease

what would an ASA score of 4 mean?

patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

what would an ASA score of 5 mean?

patient who is not expected to survive without surgery

what would an ASA score of E mean?

emergency where delay in treatment would lead to significant increased threat to patient

what would an example of ASA 2 be?

1. controlled diabetes

2. mild cardiac valve insufficiency (heart murmur)

3. skin tumor

4. obesity

5. advanced pregnancy

what would an example of ASA 3 be?

1. uncontrolled diabetes

2. symptomatic heart disease

what would an example of ASA 4 be?

1. sepsis

2. organ failure

3. heart failure

4. toxemia

what would an example of ASA 5 be?

1. multiple organ failure

2. severe shock

3. severe trauma

what would an example of ASA E be?

1. GDV

2. colics

3. open fractures

what are some of the anesthetic risks we must consider?

1. age

2. species

3. breed

4. ASA

5. type and duration of procedure

what species are prone to laryngospasms?

1. cats

2. pigs

which species are very sensitive to some sedatives?

ruminants

which breed is very sensitive to acepromazine?

boxers

what is the fluid rate under anesthesia for dogs?

5 mL/kg/hr

what is the fluid rate under anesthesia for cats?

3 mL/kg/hr

how long do we withhold food in healthy patients?

4-6 hours

how long do we withhold food in diabetic patients?

2-4 hours

how long do we withhold food in patients with a history of regurgitation?

6-12 hours

what is the only patient type where we will withhold water for?

1. patients with a history or risk of regurgitation

2. emergencies asap

what is important in the owner consent form?

to never declare that there are no risks!

MCQ:  A 7-year-old Labrador retriever is presented for removal of a small benign lipoma on the

shoulder. The dog has well-controlled diabetes mellitus managed with insulin therapy

and regular monitoring, and the owner reports no recent complications. Physical

examination reveals normal cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. What is the

most appropriate ASA status for this patient?

ASA 2

what species has the highest risk for death from anesthesia?

rabbits

what can decrease the risk of anesthetic death in rabbits?

1. supraglottic device

2. medetomidine-based protocols

MCQ: A 3-year-old Doberman is premedicated with methadone

and dexmedetomidine prior to general anesthesia. What

component/s of the anesthetic triad are primarily provided

by this premedication combination?

analgesia, muscle relaxation, and autonomic protection