FA term quiz 2

acute illness

Third stage of infection where manifestations of a specific infectious disease process are obvious. This is also the stage where it is severe.

airborne infection isolation room (AIIR)

Single client rooms built with special air handling and ventilation to provide a negative pressure (relative to the surrounding area, such as the hall or neighboring rooms). Also referred to as a negative pressure room.

airborne precautions

used when a client has an infectious agent that can be transmitted through the air should not an N95 mask or a high-level respirator when entering the room of a client

airborne transmission

occurs when small particulates move into the airspace of another person

chain of infection

how bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions move from place to place. these are contact, droplet, and airborne

closed-glove technique

used to don sterile gloves using surgical asepsis after the individual has performed a surgical hand scrub and donned a sterile gown; hands are kept inside the sterile gown until gloves are donned

contact precautions

precautions used when a client has an infectious agent that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with body secretions; requires a minimum of gown and gloves prior to client interactions

direct contact transmission

occurs when micro-organisms are directly moved from an infected person to another person, rather than through contaminated object or person

disinfection

cleans instruments so that almost all micro-organisms are eradicated, but not all. there are two levels of disinfection: high-level and low-level

donned

put on

droplet precautions

don a mask when entering the room or coming into close contact with a client

droplet transmission

occurs when droplets from the respiratory tract of a client travel through the air and into the mucosa of a host (ex. nurse, other client, healthcare worker)

enhanced barrier precautions

nursing home staff must wear gown and gloves to prevent transfer of organisms to themselves or their clothing when engaging in certain client care activities

hand hygiene

washing your hands with antibacterial soap and water, using alcohol-based gel or foam, or surgical scrub

health care-associated infections (HAIs)

infections that are acquired in a health care facility

incubation

first stage of infection in which the client may not feel ill or have visible manifestations, however there may be lab values that are changes or changes in diagnostic tests such as x-rays or CT scans

independent gowning

surgical gowning performed without the aid of another person

indirect contact transmission

occurs when microorganisms are directly moved from the infected person to another person with having a contaminated object or person between these two

infection control bundles

guidelines for practice that are bundled together to help prevent HAIs such as CAUTIs, CLABSIs, VAPs, and SSIs

infectious agent

something that contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion

inflammatory response

natural defense of the body when injured, when foreign substances are present or when infectious agents attack

local infections

are confined to one area of the body

medical asepsis

clean technique practices that reduce he presence of disease-causing micro-organisms on surfaces

modes of transmission

how bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and prions move from place to place. these ae contact, droplet and airborne

multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)

bacteria that are resistant to one or more classes of existing antimicrobials

nonspecific immunity

comprised of neutrophils and macrophages and their work as phagocytes

open-glove technique

used to don sterile gloves using surgical asepsis; gloves are touched directly with hands

period of convalescence

fifth and last stage of infection when client returns to normal or a new normal state of health

period of decline

fourth stage of infection when manifestations begin to wane as number of infectious disease decreases

personal protective equipment (PPE)

specially designed equipment that is meant to protect the health care worker from contamination, blood, or body fluids. this equipment may include masks, eye protection, gown, gloves and hair caps. equipment that should be put on prior to client interactions to prevent spread of infectious organisms; can include gloves, gowns, masks, eye and face protection, and shoe covers

phagocytes

eat and destroy micro-organisms, thereby helping to protect body from harm

portal of entry

any body orifice—for example, ears, nose, mouth, or skin—that provides a place for an infectious agent to replicate or for a toxin to act

portal of exit

means by which infectious agent can leave reservoir

prodromal

stage of infection when client begins having initial manifestations as the infectious agent replicates

protective isolation

used during approximately the first 100 days after transplant, specific engineering and hospital designs that decrease the risk of environmental fungi to the client who had HSCT

reservoir

the habit of infectious agent, a location where it can live, grow and reproduce itself or replicate

specific immunity

the work of antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) and lymphocytes

standard precautions

infection prevention practices and these apply to all clients, whether or not they are known to have an infectious agent

sterile fields

created to assure that the smallest number of microorganisms possible are present; used for procedures where surgical asepsis is indicated

sterile gowning

gown that is sterile; donned prior to procedures requiring surgical asepsis

sterilization

cleaning instruments so that all microorganisms, including bacterial spores are eradicated

surgical asepsis

includes techniques that ensures the sterility of items that will come in contact with the client, through use of equipment such as sterile gloves, in order to prevent pathogen transfer to client

susceptible host

required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection. not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent will get ill. some people never exhibit manifestations at all but can become colonized (temporarily or permanently) with infectious agent

systemic infections

start as local infections and then transmit into the bloodstream to infect entire body system

vector-borne transmission

transmission of infectious agents through animals, such as an insect or rodent

vehicle transmission

transmission of infectious agents to various individuals through a common source, such as contaminated food or water

virulent

term to describe how efficient an infectious agent is at making people ill

culture

the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions and actions in patterned ways

disease prevention

specific, population-based and individual-based interventions for primary and secondary (early detection) prevention, aiming to minimize the burden of diseases and associated risk factors

health education

learning experiences that are designed to improve the health of an individual or community through increased knowledge or by influencing attitudes

health outcomes

the result of health promotion and disease prevention measures. individuals are empowered to make healthier decisions to reduce the likelihood of developing disease and disability through health promotion and disease prevention programs

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

modifiable risk factors

behaviors and actions that can affect a client’s risk for developing a disease

nonmodifiable risk factors

risk factors that cannot be changed

prevention

the action of stopping something from happening

primary prevention

teh act of intervening before negative health effects occur

secondary prevention

to reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability

self-care

an inclusive group of activities nurses can utilize to promote one’s mental health and overall well-being

wellness

a positive state of health