Unit 3 AP World History: Modern

boyar

a member of a class of nobles in Russia with high rank

cannon

a large, mounted gun for firing heavy shells

cosmopolitan

of, drawn from, or common to all the world or all the peoples of the world

devshirme

Ottoman practice of forcing Christian families to sell their children into the service of the sultan

divine

of, from, pertaining to, or characteristic of a god or gods

gunpowder

an explosive used to propel a gun projectile, especially the explosive made from potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal; black powder

imam

the officiating leader of prayer in a Muslim mosque

imperial

designating or characterizing the authority of a sovereign state over colonies or dependencies

infrastructure

the basic facilities and equipment, especially of a technological nature, that are necessary for a system or organization to function

jannisary

formerly, a member of a Turkish sultan’s guard

principality

the area ruled by a prince

reformation

sixteenth-century religious movement in Europe that led to the creation of Protestant faiths in opposition to Catholicism

revenue

government income from the collection of taxes

Shi’a

a messianic belief system and branch of Islam that accepts descendants of Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, and the imams as the true successors of Muhammad and the faith

Sikhism

religious community founded in northern India by Guru Nanak that rejected caste divisions

sultan

the ruler of an Islamic country

sunni

branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as the true successors of Muhammad and leaders of the faith

tariff

a government tax on imports or exports, or a rate or schedule of such taxes; duty

tax

a sum of money levied by government on income, property, or sales and used for its services and administration

treasury

the funds of a government, business, or clubt

tsar

the title of a male Russian ruler before 1917