N.C -Chapt 3 Nutrition

Define BMI

the # of calories required to maintain the body’s functions at rest

Name 4 things that increase BMI

increased weight

sex

thyroid hormones

stress

Name 4 things that decrease BMI

aging

starvation

decreased activity

sleep

Define Nutrition

sum of all the interactions b/t an organism & the food it eats

Ex: nutritional value, nutrients, & basal metabolic rate

What is the main source of energy for the body?

carbs (4 kcal per gram)

Carbs such as saccharides can be ____ or _____.

simple or complex

Proteins help with what 6 things?

growth, maintenance, repair tissue, amino acids, nitrogen balance, & complete/uncomplete proteins

Define minerals & what are 2 types?

inorganic elements like catalysts; Can be microminerals or macro/trace minerals

In order to be considered overweight, you be ___ percent over normal body weight.

25%

What is the range for the amount of water you need per day?

2,000 mL - 3,000 mL (2-3 L)

What is the exact amount of mL of water needed per day?

2,500 mL

How much water is located within our cells? Outside of our cells such as in plasma?

2/3 ….. 1/3

What percentage of our weight is water?

50-60%

Fats are made of ____ and _____.

triglycerides & fatty acids (need 9 kcal per gram)

Fats that are liquids are called _____ & fats that are solid are called_____.

unsaturated….saturated

Which type of fat is the worst for the body?

Transfat. need less than 10% of this per day

Name the 4 types of altered nutrition?

malnutrition, Overnutrition, undernutrition, protein-calorie malnutrition (long term calorie deficiency disease)

What lab test do we take in order to determine a person’s proteins levels or potein status?

Albumin

Why are adequate water levels important?

it’s needed for chemical reactions, acts as a solvent, & aids in digestion/absorption/circulation/ excretion

What are 2 huge signs that a person is malnourished

bitemporal wasting & low cheek bones

What is one physical exam we can use to determine a malnourished patient?

mid arm circumference (MAC) test

What the 4 types of special diets we discussed?

clear liquid (only exception is black coffee & jello), full liquid (anything liquid at normal body temp), soft diet (soft foods), & diet as tolerated

Name 3 different occasions in which you give enteral nutrition?

1) giving nutirti9on via G.I system

2) upper G.I is impaired

3) when Pt can’t digest food

Name the x5 devices used for enteral nutrition?

nasogastric, gastrostomy, nasoenteric, jejunostomy, & percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

There are 4 ways to check tube placement:

-aspiration of secreti0ons

-measure PH secretions

-radiographic

-auscultation of the epigastrium while injecting a bolus of air

What device do you need for parenteral nutrition?

PICC line or central line

What route is parenteral nutrition given?

IV

What are the 2 types of parenteral nutrition solutions? What is the usual rate of infusion?

lipids & TPN….40-60 mL/ hr