cob 191 chapter 1: data types

population

all subjects (the scope) of group that are of interest in particular study

sample

some members of the same group that is representative of the whole group

population parameter

described characteristic from population data (computed from a population)

• population mean u (GPA), population COVID 19 infection rate

sample statistic

described characteristic from sample data (computed from sample)

• sample mean x (GPA), sample COVID 19 infection rate

categorical data

nominal (no ranking) & ordinal (ranking, non-equal)

quantitative data

interval (no absolute 0), & ratio (absolute 0)

• equal intervals

nominal

labels/names used to identify attribute of element (name, label, category)

• NO RANKING

• living off/on campus, gender

ordinal

order/rank of data is meaningful (& sequence)

• grade level, product satisfaction, faculty rank, student grades

interval

interval between observations in expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure/meaningful amount of difference

• ALWAYS NUMERIC

• DOES NOT HAVE A TRUE NATURAL 0 POINT

• moment of times (year/month/day/week), temperature (F/C), credit scores, SAT scores

ratio

ratio of 2 values are meaningful

• scale MUST CONTAIN 0 value

• posses true/absolute 0