Studied by 7 people
Egalitarianism
________ (calls for equal treatment for all and the destruction of socioeconomic inequalities): government may raise taxes in order to be able to spend more money on public education, public transportation, housing for the poor, and care for the elderly.
Adam Smith
Although ________ theorized that capitalism would lead to prosperity for all, this has not necessarily been the case.
Politics
________: the process of gaining and exercising control within a government for the purpose of setting and achieving particular goals, especially those related to the division of resources within a nation.
Significant gaps
________ in wealth between the owners of major businesses, industries, and financial institutions and those who work for others in exchange for wages exist in many capitalist nations.
Civic engagement
________: the participation that connects citizens to government.
Oligarchy
________: only members of a certain political party or ruling elite can participate in government.
Americans
The market provides many goods and services needed by ________.
Fish
________ are one of the many common goods in which the government regulates access.
Political power
________: influence over institutions, leaders, and policies.
North Korea
________ is a notable example of a totalitarian government.
Individualism
________: government may choose to "relax "regulations on business and industry or to cut taxes so that people have more money to invest in business.
private individuals
The means of generating wealth (such as factories, large farms, and banks) are owned by the government instead of ________.
monarchy
In a(n) ________, one ruler (usually a hereditary ruler) holds the political power.
Representative democracy
________: citizens do not govern directly - they elect representatives to make decisions and pass laws on behalf of all the people.
Local level
________: funds are allotted for education, police and fire departments, and maintenance of public parks.
Majority rule
________: the opinions of the majority of the people have more influence with government than those of the minority.
Socialism
________: an alternative economic system.
Civic engagement
________ is a vital ingredient of politics.
Government
________: the means by which a society organizes itself and how it allocates (distributes) authority in order to accomplish collective goals and provide benefits that the society as a whole needs.
Politics
________ involves choosing which values government will support and which it will not:
Democracy
________: a government in which political power rests in the hands of the people.
Government
the means by which a society organizes itself and how it allocates (distributes) authority in order to accomplish collective goals and provide benefits that the society as a whole needs
Politics
the process of gaining and exercising control within a government for the purpose of setting and achieving particular goals, especially those related to the division of resources within a nation
Democracy
a political system in which people govern themselves
As a result, great wealth can give a very small minority great influence over the government
this presents as a greater influence than that held by the majority of the population
Socialism
an alternative economic system
Oligarchy
only members of a certain political party or ruling elite can participate in government
Example
In China, the government is run by members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Example
Food, clothing, and housing are provided in ample supply by private businesses; in turn, these businesses earn a profit
Like goods (and services), one can categorize schooling into two separate groups
public and private
Common goods
goods that all people may use free of charge but that are of limited supply
Local level
funds are allotted for education, police and fire departments, and maintenance of public parks
State level
funds are allotted for state colleges and universities, maintenance of state roads and bridges, and wildlife management, among other priorities
National level
funds are allotted for defense, Social Security, pensions for veterans, maintenance of federal courts and prisons, and management of national parks
Example
in the United States
Example
Western democracies protect citizens freedom of speech and the press
Individualism
government may choose to "relax" regulations on business and industry or to cut taxes so that people have more money to invest in business
Egalitarianism (calls for equal treatment for all and the destruction of socioeconomic inequalities)
government may raise taxes in order to be able to spend more money on public education, public transportation, housing for the poor, and care for the elderly
Civic engagement
the participation that connects citizens to government
Democracy
a government in which political power rests in the hands of the people
Political power
influence over institutions, leaders, and policies
Majority rule
the opinions of the majority of the people have more influence with government than those of the minority
Example
If the number of elected representatives who favor a proposed law is greater than those who oppose it, the law will be enacted
In a direct democracy
people participate directly in making government decisions
Examples
Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates
Oligarchy
a form of government in which a handful of elite members of society (often those who belong to a particular political party) hold all political power
Example
In Cuba, only members of the Communist Party are allowed to vote or hold public office, and the partys most important members make all government decisions
John Locke
English philosopher; Believed that all people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher; Believed that all people should be free to acquire property in any way that they wished; Argued that people should be allowed to operate as they wish and keep the proceeds of their work
private goods
goods provided by private businesses that can be used only by those who pay for them
adequate housing
housing that is found in the most desirable neighborhoods
desirable neighborhoods have...
low crime rates and good schools
public goods
goods provided by government that anyone can use and that are available to all without charge
direct democracy
people participate directly in making government decisions
toll good
a good that is available to many people but is used only by those who can pay the price to do so
totalitarianism
a form of government where government is all-powerful and citizens have no rights
minority rights
protections for those who are not part of the majority
Note 
Flashcard (35)