erm great marine review and stuff

Heterotrophic plankton, drifting consumers in the pelagic zone

Zooplankton

_____ Can control their position by swimming

Nekton

Radiolarians, Foraminiferans

Protozoans

Multicellular taxa (Arthropods, cnidarians, ctenophores, salps, etc…)

Metazoans

Permanent residents of the water column

Holoplankton

Temp. residents of the water colunm (e.g. demersal zooplankton)

Meroplankton

Plankton at surface are called

Neuston

Plankton in shallow waters are called

Euphotic

Plankton in deep waters are called

Deep

Nets, cont. plankton recorder, plankton pump, submersibles, plankton video recorder, demersal traps, and light traps are all used for _______ plankton

sampling

Ability to filter specific particles

Dilute flood adaptation

Reduce sinking by increasing drag or increasing density

Buoyancy control adaptation

Hide from predators, grouping into schools, vertical migration

Avoiding predation adaptation

Uses magnetic field, sun position, sound, and smell as cues

Finding settlement adaptation

For every 500,000 units of energy available to phytoplankton, 1 unit gets transferred to humans, who are at the __ trophic level

5th

Seawater is 800x more viscous than freshwater, a fact that ______ can exploit to aid in movement

copepods

A fish needs to be able to overcome turbulent drag and frictional drag, which is why a fish has a body that _____

tapers

Using energy to maintain buoyancy

Active lift

Using water content, fat and oil content, and gas bladder to maintain buoyancy

Passive lift

Ability to maintain homeostasis by controlling salt and water absorption

Osmoregulation

Fish can perform osmoregulation using ____ and ______

gills, mucosa

Cells in a solution with too high a solute content shrivel from lethal _________

dehydration

Cells in a solution with too small a solute content swell and lyse from lethal ______

dilution

skin, gills, intestines, rectal gland, are layers capable of selective ________

permeability

Keeps their osmolarity consistent regardless of environmental conditions

osmoregulator

Tolerates having an osmolarity similar to their environment

osmoconformer

Can regulate their osmolarity to a certain point

limited osmoregulator

When blood flows against the medium for oxygen in a fish, O2 partial pressure increases, favouring diffusion into the blood.

Countercurrent gas exchange

Hypoxia risk, slow diffusion of oxygen, dense water demanding extra evergy to pump, exposed gills, are necessary ___________ for gas exchange

adaptations

Fish gills have high counts of lamellae, which contribute to ______ ___ for gas exchange

surface area

Filament tips, branchial pumping and ram ventilations ensure ___ of water across gills

flow

Studied fish naturally exhibit hypoxia _______ behaviour

avoidance