Introduction to Organic Molecules Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering organic molecule types, functional groups, specifically named chemical compounds, and straight-chain alkanes based on Chapter 10 lecture notes.

Alkane

A hydrocarbon with the general structure $R-H$.

Alkene

A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$) functional group.

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond ($-C \rightleftharpoons C-$) functional group.

Aromatic compound

A type of compound characterized by the presence of a benzene ring.

Polyethylene

A stable compound produced since the 1930s with no reactive sites, consisting of long chains that persist for years in landfills.

Alkyl halide

A compound with the general structure $R-X$, where $X$ is a halo group ($F$, $Cl$, $Br$, or $I$).

Alcohol

An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group ($-OH$) with the general structure $R-OH$.

Ether

A compound with the general structure $R-O-R$ containing an alkoxy group ($-OR$).

Amine

A compound containing an amino group with the general structure $R-NH_2$, $R_2NH$, or $R_3N$.

Thiol

A compound with the general structure $R-SH$ containing a sulfhydryl group.

2-propanol

A compound used as a disinfectant in rubbing alcohol.

Styrene

The starting material used to synthesize Styrofoam.

Putrescine

A compound with the structure $H_2NCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2NH_2$ that produces the putrid odor of rotting fish.

Carbonyl group

A functional group consisting of a carbon-oxygen double bond ($C=O$).

Aldehyde

A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, with the structure $RCHO$.

Ketone

A compound with the general structure $R_2CO$ where the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms.

Carboxylic acid

A compound containing a carboxyl group with the general structure $RCOOH$.

Ester

A compound containing an $OR$ group bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon.

Amide

A compound containing a nitrogen atom bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon.

Tamiflu

The trade name for oseltamivir phosphate, a drug used to treat influenza.

Methane

A straight-chain alkane with $1$ carbon and the molecular formula $CH_4$.

Ethane

A straight-chain alkane with $2$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_2H_6$.

Propane

A straight-chain alkane with $3$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_3H_8$.

Butane

A straight-chain alkane with $4$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_4H_{10}$.

Pentane

A straight-chain alkane with $5$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_5H_{12}$.

Hexane

A straight-chain alkane with $6$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_6H_{14}$.

Heptane

A straight-chain alkane with $7$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_7H_{16}$.

Octane

A straight-chain alkane with $8$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_8H_{18}$.

Nonane

A straight-chain alkane with $9$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_9H_{20}$.

Decane

A straight-chain alkane with $10$ carbons and the molecular formula $C_{10}H_{22}$.

Isomers

Different compounds that share the same molecular formula but have atoms bonded differently.