SOCIAL SCIENCE MEET 3

What is clinical psychology

Diagnosing and treating mental health disorders such as anxiety depression and schizophrenia

Which applied psychology field focuses on diagnosing mental disorders

Clinical psychology

A person seeks professional treatment for schizophrenia. Which psychology field is most directly involved

Clinical psychology

What phrase helps distinguish clinical psychology

Mind clinic

What is counseling psychology

Helping people cope with life challenges and support personal development and mental well-being

A person wants help coping with relationship problems and life stress. Which field is most appropriate

Counseling psychology

What phrase helps distinguish counseling psychology

Talk and cope

What is industrial psychology

Improving workplace productivity employee satisfaction and organizational effectiveness

A company wants to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Which field should it consult

Industrial psychology

What phrase helps distinguish industrial psychology

Better workplace

What is educational psychology

Applying psychological principles to improve learning teaching and student performance

A school investigates ways to improve teaching methods and student achievement. Which field is involved

Educational psychology

What phrase helps distinguish educational psychology

Better learning

What is forensic psychology

Applying psychological knowledge in legal and criminal justice settings

What activities are associated with forensic psychology

Criminal profiling and witness evaluation

A psychologist evaluates the reliability of a witness in court. Which field is involved

Forensic psychology

What phrase helps distinguish forensic psychology

Court psychology

What is health psychology

Studying links between psychological factors and physical health

What is a major goal of health psychology

Promoting better health behaviors

A researcher studies how stress affects health habits. Which field best fits

Health psychology

What phrase helps distinguish health psychology

Mind-body health

What main difference separates clinical psychology from counseling psychology

Clinical psychology emphasizes mental disorder treatment while counseling psychology emphasizes coping and personal development

What is psychological research

Systematic scientific study of mind and behavior

What does psychological research use instead of guesses or opinions

Scientific methods

What research method is emphasized in the reviewer

Experimental method

What variable is manipulated in an experiment

Independent variable

What variable is measured for effects in an experiment

Dependent variable

A researcher changes sleep duration and measures memory performance. What is sleep duration

Independent variable

A researcher changes sleep duration and measures memory performance. What is memory performance

Dependent variable

What is sampling bias

A sample does not represent the whole population

How can sampling bias affect results

A nonrepresentative sample can skew findings

A study on Filipino adults recruits only university students. Which bias is likely

Sampling bias

What memory cue describes sampling bias

Wrong participants

What is experimenter bias

Researcher expectations influence study outcomes

A researcher unintentionally treats one group differently because of an expected result. Which bias is shown

Experimenter bias

What memory cue describes experimenter bias

Researcher expectation affects results

What is the Hawthorne effect

People change behavior because they know they are being observed

Workers become more productive only while researchers are watching. What effect is demonstrated

Hawthorne effect

What memory cue describes the Hawthorne effect

Change due to observation

What is social desirability bias

Giving socially acceptable answers instead of truthful answers

A respondent hides an unhealthy habit to appear responsible. Which bias is shown

Social desirability bias

What memory cue describes social desirability bias

Acceptable answers

What is confirmation bias

Favoring information that supports an existing belief

A researcher notices evidence supporting a theory while ignoring opposing findings. Which bias is shown

Confirmation bias

What memory cue describes confirmation bias

Supporting evidence

What is the halo effect

One trait influences judgments about other traits

A teacher assumes a polite student is also intelligent and hardworking. Which bias is shown

Halo effect

What memory cue describes the halo effect

One trait affects overall judgment

What is recall bias

Memory errors distort responses

Participants inaccurately remember past behaviors in a survey. Which bias is shown

Recall bias

What memory cue describes recall bias

Memory errors

What is the sleeper effect

A weak message becomes more influential over time

A message initially seems unconvincing but influences attitudes weeks later. Which effect is shown

Sleeper effect

What memory cue describes the sleeper effect

Influential later

What is publication bias

Positive or exciting study results are more likely to be published

Negative findings remain unpublished while significant findings appear frequently in journals. Which bias is present

Publication bias

What are twin studies commonly used to distinguish

Genetic and environmental influences

Why are twin studies useful in psychology

They help separate hereditary influences from environmental influences

What is reliability

Consistency of test results

A depression test gives nearly the same score twice when the condition is unchanged. Which test quality is demonstrated

Reliability

What memory cue describes reliability

Repeatable results

What is validity

The extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure

A mathematics test mainly measures reading ability. Which test quality is weak

Validity

What memory cue describes validity

Right measurement

What is standardization

Uniform administration and scoring

Every participant receives identical instructions and scoring procedures. Which test property is shown

Standardization

What memory cue describes standardization

Same rules

What are norms

Reference scores used for comparison

A child's IQ is compared with average scores from children of the same age. What test characteristic is being used

Norms

What memory cue describes norms

Normal comparison group

What is sensitivity

Ability of a test to correctly detect a condition that is present

A medical test correctly identifies most people who truly have a condition. Which property is high

Sensitivity

What memory cue describes sensitivity

Sees the condition

What is specificity

Ability of a test to correctly identify when a condition is absent

A test correctly identifies healthy people as not having a disease. Which property is high

Specificity

What memory cue describes specificity

Sees when absent

Which test property concerns consistency rather than accuracy

Reliability

Which test property concerns measuring the intended construct

Validity

Which test property ensures all examinees receive the same procedures

Standardization

Which test property provides a comparison group

Norms

Which property is most important for detecting true cases

Sensitivity

Which property is most important for recognizing true noncases

Specificity

Can a test be reliable without being valid

Yes

A test repeatedly gives the same wrong measurement. Which property may still be high

Reliability

What do intelligence tests assess

Cognitive abilities

Which intelligence tests are listed in the reviewer

Wechsler and Stanford-Binet

A psychologist wants to assess general cognitive ability. Which test type is appropriate

Intelligence test

What do achievement tests measure

Learned knowledge

Which achievement tests are listed in the reviewer

SAT and NAT

A test measures what a student has already learned. What type of test is it

Achievement test

What do aptitude tests predict

Potential to learn

Which aptitude tests are listed in the reviewer

DAT and LSAT

A test estimates future ability to learn a skill. What type of test is it

Aptitude test

What do personality tests assess

Traits and emotions

Which personality measures are listed in the reviewer

MMPI and Big Five

A psychologist assesses enduring traits and emotional patterns. What test type is appropriate

Personality test

What do neuropsychological tests evaluate

Brain-related cognitive function

Which neuropsychological tests are listed in the reviewer

Stroop and WCST

A patient is evaluated for cognitive problems related to brain function. Which test type is most suitable

Neuropsychological test

What do clinical or diagnostic tests identify

Mental disorders