Chapter 5: Planned Social Change Flashcards

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to Planned Social Change, including the cycle of policy formation, roles of planners, and theories of resistance by Adam (1987) and Vago (2004).

Planned Change

A set of intentional and goal-oriented activities carried out to achieve specific objectives within an organization or society.

Planned Change (Rahimah, 1989)

A continuous effort by the government to influence, guide, and, to a certain extent, control social and economic changes in a nation.

Agenda Setting (Phase 1)

The beginning of the policy process where the government identifies a problem affecting many people and decides which issues are most urgent.

Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP) 2021–2025

A plan introduced by the Malaysian government to guide development over five years, focusing on economy, job opportunities, healthcare, and digital development.

Policy Formulation (Phase 2)

The stage where the government discusses different solutions, collects information, and chooses the best policy before official approval.

National Cleanliness Policy (Dasar Kebersihan Negara) 2019–2030

A gazetted policy resulting in government and community action to improve public cleanliness and waste management.

Policy Implementation (Phase 3)

The process where government agencies and civil servants put a policy into action using funding and services to ensure it reaches the public.

Skim Perubatan MADANI (MADANI Medical Scheme)

An example of policy implementation where the Ministry of Health works with private clinics to provide free basic healthcare to eligible low-income Malaysians.

Policy Evaluation (Phase 4)

The stage where the government monitors a policy, reviews reports, and measures if objectives were achieved to improve future policies.

Malaysia MADANI Framework

A framework guiding government policies focused on sustainable development, economic growth, social well-being, and good governance.

National Economic Policy (NEP)

A policy introduced after the 1969 racial riots to reduce poverty and narrow the economic gap between different ethnic groups.

Ekonomi MADANI Framework

A framework aiming to strengthen Malaysia's economy and improve well-being through growth, quality jobs, and reduced income inequality.

Look East Policy (1982)

A policy that encouraged Malaysia to learn values like discipline and productivity from the economic success of Japan and South Korea.

BUDI MADANI and Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah (STR)

Financial assistance programmes introduced to provide aid to eligible groups as part of the Ekonomi MADANI goals.

Secondary Change Agents

Individuals responsible for identifying target group requirements, establishing trust, and identifying social or economic problems facing a community.

Cognitive Blocks (Adam, 1987)

Mental barriers preventing people from understanding or accepting change because it conflicts with existing beliefs or knowledge.

Emotional Blocks (Adam, 1987)

Resistance to change caused by feelings of fear, anxiety, stress, or insecurity regarding disruptions to daily life.

Structural Blocks (Adam, 1987)

Barriers created by existing systems, institutions, laws, or the lack of resources like funding, equipment, and staff.

Cultural Blocks (Adam, 1987)

Resistance occurring when people believe change threatens traditions, beliefs, language, religion, or cultural identity.

Economic Barriers (Vago, 2004)

Financial motives or interests that cause individuals or businesses to resist change due to fear of reduced income or job loss.

Social Barriers (Vago, 2004)

Obstacles from social systems or groups that resist change due to the fear of losing power, influence, or control.

Psychological Barriers (Vago, 2004)

Personal thoughts and feelings, like fear of the unknown or fear of making mistakes, that prevent the acceptance of change.

Cultural Barriers (Vago, 2004)

Resistance arising when a proposed change conflicts with a society's traditions, customs, or religious values.

Positive Reinforcement Strategy

A method to overcome resistance by providing rewards, financial assistance, tax incentives, or public recognition for adopting new behaviors.

Use of Threats and Force Strategy

A method using laws, regulations, or strict enforcement to ensure compliance, typically applied when public safety or national security is at stake.