Functional group tests
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7 Terms
1
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Alkene
* add bromine water
* Positive test = orange to colourless
* C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2
* Positive test = orange to colourless
* C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2
2
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Primary and secondary alcohols plus aldehydes
* Add acidified potassium dichromate and heat
* Positive test = colour change orange to green
* CH3OH + \[O\] → HCHO + H2O
* Positive test = colour change orange to green
* CH3OH + \[O\] → HCHO + H2O
3
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Aldehyde
* add Tollen's reagent
* Positive test= formation of a silver mirror
* CH3CHO + \[O\]→CH3COOH
* Positive test= formation of a silver mirror
* CH3CHO + \[O\]→CH3COOH
4
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Aldehyde and ketone
* add 2,4-DNP
* Positive test = yellow, orange, or red precipitate formation
* Equation not needed
* Positive test = yellow, orange, or red precipitate formation
* Equation not needed
5
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Carboxylic acid
* add sodium carbonate
* Positive test = fizzing
* CH3COOH +Na2CO3 → COONa + CO2 + H2O
* Positive test = fizzing
* CH3COOH +Na2CO3 → COONa + CO2 + H2O
6
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Haloalkane
* add ethanol and silver nitrate
* Positive result = white, cream or yellow precipitate
* CH3Br + H2O → CH3OH + Br- + H+
* Positive result = white, cream or yellow precipitate
* CH3Br + H2O → CH3OH + Br- + H+
7
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Phenol
* test pH if acid add sodium carbonate
* Positive test = indicator shows acid but does not fizz
* Phenol does not react with carbonate so no equation is needed
* Positive test = indicator shows acid but does not fizz
* Phenol does not react with carbonate so no equation is needed