WHAP - 5.3-5.6

Industrial Revolution

period starting in the 1700s in Britain when society transformed from agrarian (farm-based) to industrial (machine and factory-based)

Industrialization

increased mechanizations of production

Agricultural Revolution

a dramatic increase agricultural production

Crop Rotation

rotating different crops in and out of the field each year

Seed Drill

device that efficiently places seeds in a specific spot in the ground

Cottage Industry

 raw materials to be refined in the homes of workers

Spinning Jenny

allowed weavers to spin more than one thread at a time

Water Frame

a spinning jenny powered by water instead of people

James Hargreaves

invented the spinning jenny

Richard Arkwright

invented the water frame

Factory System

using larger structures to house industrial machines in one place

Assembly line

a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled

Eli Whitney

invented cotton gin and interchangeable part

Interchangeable Parts

allowed inventions to be easily fixed

Division of Labor

separating a production process into elemental steps

Specialization of Labor

a system where laborers get proficient at one of the elemental steps

Raw materials

materials that have not been refined into refined goods

Seaways

ways to the sea (or another large body of water)

Enclosure Movement

the process of ending public ownership of land

Manchester and Liverpool

cities that dramatically changed because of Industrialization

Human Capital

the value of your workforce

Trans-Siberian Railroad

railroad that stretched from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean

Company Rule

period where most of South Asia was administered by the East India Company

Steam Engine

turned the kinetic energy of water vapor into kinetic energy elsewhere

James Watt

inventor of steam engines

Coal

solid fossil fuel that releases a great deal of energy when burned

Oil

liquid fossil fuel that releases a great deal of energy when burned

Coaling Stations

resupply stations around the world that refuel steam vessels

Second Industrial Revolution

advancements made in steel, chemicals, and electronics

Steel

alloy of carbon and iron, stronger than iron

Alexander Graham Bell

inventor of telephone

Guglielmo Marconi

inventor of radio

Transcontinental Railroad

railway in US that connected west and east coasts

Capital

money available to invest in business

Mamluks

former Turkish slaves who ruled Egypt

Muhammad Ali

an Albanian Ottoman officer who overthrew the Mamluks in Egypt

Commodore Matthew Perry

US military officer who forced Japan open

Meiji Restoration

the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the reinstallation of the empire, ambitiously industrial

Charter Oath

Japanese law that abolished feudalism

Zaibatsu

powerful Japanese business organizations

Automatic Loom

loom that weaves almost entirely mechanically