Human Anatomy Quiz 19: Blood and Heart Structure

blood, heart, blood vessels

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

circulate blood throughout the body

The heart is the pump that does what?

transport, regulate, protect

What are the three functions of blood?

oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, nutrients, heat, hormones

What does blood transport? (6 things)

pH, body temperature

What does blood regulate? (2 things)

blood loss, disease

What does blood protect against? (2 things)

watery plasma (water, proteins, other solutes), formed elements (cells, cell fragments)

What is blood composed of? (2 things and their components) (answers should look like ______ (____, ___, ___)

8, 55, 45, red blood cells

What percent of the body is made up of blood? What percent of the blood is plasma? What percent of the blood is formed elements? Are there more red blood cells or white blood cells?

red bone marrow of spongy bone

Where is blood made?

long bones, axial skeleton, pelvic and shoulder girdles

Where is blood mostly made in?

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

What are the five types of white blood cells?

erythrocytes, leukocytes

What are the two types of blood cells?

red blood cells

What type of blood cells are erythrocytes?

white blood cells

What type of blood cells are leukocytes?

leukocytes

Has a nucleus: leukocytes or erythrocytes?

erythrocytes

Contain hemoglobin: leukocytes or erythrocytes?

to protect the body from pathogens that get past the skin barrier

What is the function of leukocytes?

oxygen carrying protein

What is hemoglobin?

mediastinum, sternum and vertebral column

Where is the heart located? Where is that between?

2/3

Around what fraction of the heart is to the left of the midline?

a cone lying on its side, anteriorly, inferiorly, to the left, posteriorly, superiorly, to the right

What is the shape of the heart reminiscent of? Where is the apex pointing? (3), Where does the base point?

pericardium

What is the heart surrounded by?

2, pericardial fluid

How many layers does the pericardium have? What do these layers have between them?

prevent overstretching of the heart, protects, anchors, and reduces friction while heart contracts

What are the functions of the pericardium? (4 things)

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

What are the three layers that the heart consists of?

outermost thin, slippery layer, inner pericardial layer

What is the epicardium? What is it continuous with?

muscular layer, pumping

What is the myocardium? What is it responsible for?

thin inner layer, smooth lining to the heart chambers

What is the endocardium? What does it provide?

two atria, two ventricles

What are the four chambers of the heart?

small pouch extensions, auricles, each atrium to hold more blood

What do the atria have? What are they called? What do they allow for?