bio 8.2-8.3 quiz

what is a niche? what happens if they overlap?

niche- a unique role an organism has in its community. If they overlap, this leads to competition which states that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely

intraspecific competiton

competition with same species- lion vs. lion fighting for mates

interspecific competition

competition between different species. lions vs. hyenas competing for food

predation

one animal/predator kills prey for food. wolf and rabbit- predator always dependent on prey

mutualism

+/+ both species benefit. clownfish+anemones. clownfish are protected and fish poop is nutrients for anemone

parasitism

don’t kill hosts! +/- one benefits, one is harmed. tapeworms+humans- tapeworms feed off of humans

commensalism

+/0 one benefits, one is unaffected. remora fish + shark, remora fish eats shark’s scraps of food. shark doesn’t care

what is the difference between predation and parasitism

predation doesn’t kill host. predation will kill host

what is true of all symbiotic relationships

one species always benefits, always between 2 different species

what is primary succession?

forming new ecosystems where no life existed before. forming soil. after volcanic eruption or glaciers melting, pioneer species- moss/lichen, takes a long time

what is secondary succession

re-establishing on ecosystem after a disturbance. soil already present, after fires/floods/hurricanes, pioneer species- grasses + shrubs, takes a shorter amount of time.

goal for ecological succession is to reach a…

climax community- a mature and stable community

which succession takes longer?

primary

which succession has soil?

secondary

give an example of pioneers in primary succession

moss/lichen

give an example of pioneers in secondary succession

grasses/shrubs

what is density dependent? what are some?

as population grows, factors have bigger effect. biotic. EX: food, parasites, territory, disease, competition, predation

what is density independent? what are some factors?

affects population regardless of size, mostly natural disasters, abiotic. EX: flood, rainfall, acidit