Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Flashcards about Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Keratinized; serves as the first line of defense when not compromised.

Dermis

Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands; pores serve as a portal of entry for microbes.

Perspiration

Contains salt, lysozyme, and antimicrobial peptides.

Sebum

Oil produced by the skin; nutritive for some microbes.

Mucous Membranes

Line cavities that open to the outside; often acidic for protection; eyes washed with tears containing lysozyme.

Normal Microbiota of Skin

Most survive drying and salt concentrations; includes Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus.

Microbes in axilla and groin

Metabolized the lipids /proteins on skin , creates odor

Diphtheroids

G+ pleomorphic Corynebacterium Xerosis, proprionbacterium acne's

Dandruff

Fungal infection of scalp

Skin Lesion - Vesicle

Small, fluid-filled lesion.

Skin Lesion - Bullae

Vesicle greater than 1 cm.

Skin Lesion - Macule

Flattened red lesion.

Skin Lesion - Papule

Raised lesion.

Skin Lesion - Pustule

Papule that contains pus.

S. epidermidis

Common on the skin; can form a biofilm during catheter use.

S. aureus

found in nasal passages; has pigment to protect from UV light, coagulase+ - produces enterotoxins

Folliculitis

Inflammation of a hair follicle; pimple.

Sty

Staph infection of eyelash

Furuncle

"Boil"; localized region of pus; a type of abscess.

Impetigo

Often caused by S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes; usually enters through a break in the skin.

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Form of impetigo caused by S. aureus; causes exfoliation; common in infants.

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Fever, vomiting, sunburn-like rash, shock, organ failure, death; associated with tampons, surgical procedures, abortions.

Streptococcal

Cause of meningitis, pneumonia, sore throat, ear infection, endocardium, dental caries. Produce hemolysis

S. pyogenes

Beta-hemolytic; M protein provides protection from phagocytosis and adheres to host cells.

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Caused by strep infection; can become systemic; high mortality rate.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Common opportunistic organism; produces exotoxins and endotoxins; forms blue-green biofilms.

Warts

Caused by HSV-1, incubation time of several months, not caused by frogs/toads

Smallpox

Respiratory transmission; forms lesions; declared eradicated in 1980.

Monkey Pox

Transferred from monkey to monkey; not monkeys to humans.

Chicken Pox

Caused by Varicella zoster virus; respiratory transmission; may lay latent in PNS and cause shingles.

Herpes Simplex I (HSV I)

Oral or respiratory transmission; causative agent of cold sores; may lay latent in cranial nerve V.

Measles (Rubeola)

Respiratory transmission; vaccine is MMR; complications can lead to encephalitis or pneumonia.

Rubella (German Measles)

Milder case; respiratory transmission; may cause birth defects during the 1st trimester.

Dermatomycosis

Fungal infections of the epidermis; examples include athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.

Candidiasis

Causative agent is Candida albicans; may overgrow mucous membranes when normal flora is disrupted; common in immunosuppressed individuals.

Scabies

Caused by mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs; transmitted by contact.

Lice

Adults live about 30 days; produce egg cases designed to attach to hair; some have become resistant to OTC treatments.

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhea; causes conjunctivitis and blindness.

Trachoma

Caused by species of Chlamydia; eyelashes turn inward, scratching the cornea.