A&P2 Ch 16 Lecture Notes

hypothalamus + pituitary gland

name two control centers of the endocrine system

Sella turcica

In which sphenoid bone marking does the pituitary gland

infundibulum

name the stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

oxytocin + ADH

name the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary

• hint: they are neurotransmitters

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

synthesized in the hypothalamus and released in the posterior pituitary

Function: water balance

• makes you thirsty

• prevents urine formation - saves water in kidney

• constricts blood vessels

Caused by dehydration and low BP

Oxytocin

synthesized in hypothalamus; released by posterior pituitary

functions in labor and delivery

• contracts uterus to initiate labor

• contracts milk ducts for the ejection of breast milk

caused by conditions of labor and delivery and breastfeeding

growth hormone pathway

GnRH —> anterior pituitary releases GH —> GH tells bone, muscle, CT, etc to grow

purpose: body needs to grow from baby to adult size

T3, T4 (pathway)

TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) —> anterior pituitary releases TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) —> thyroid gland —> to make ______ for metabolism

Adrenal cortex Hormones (pathway)

CRH (corticotropic releasing hormone) —> anterior pituitary releases ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) —> adrenal cortex three hormones (3S)

gamete pathway

gonadotrophic releasing hormone (GnRH) —> anterior pituitary releases FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) —> gonads to release sperm or oocyte

sex hormone pathway

GnRH (gonadotrophic releasing hormone) —> anterior pituitary releases LH (luteinizing hormone) —> gonads to release testosterone or estrogen/progesterone

prolactin pathway

hypothalamus is suppressed —> anterior pituitary releases ____ —> breasts —> releases hormone that makes milk

postpartum depression

Dopamine —> suppresses prolactin = no breast milk

dopamine is turned off —> prolactin activates = breast milk!

• what condition is a result of prolactin activation?

acromegaly

too much growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure (usually after 25)

growth in soft tissue such as chin, nose, ears, etc.