Foundational Documents To Know for AP AP Gov (copy)

Federalist 10

James Madison, it argues for a large republic to manage factions and protect minority rights.

Brutus I

An Anti-Federalist paper warning against the dangers of a powerful federal government.

Declaration of Independence

Document asserting inalienable rights and justifying revolution against oppressive governments.

Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the U.S., creating a weak central government.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual liberties.

Federalist 51

James Madison, checks and balances and separation of powers.

Federalist 70

Alexander Hamilton, defends a strong single executive for effective governance.

Federalist 78

Describes the Judiciary as the least dangerous branch with the importance of judicial independence.

Schenck v. US (1919)

Established the 'clear and present danger' test, limiting free speech during wartime.

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Limited federal power under the Commerce Clause regarding non-economic activities.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Expanded corporate political spending rights, treating political spending as free speech.

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Incorporated the Second Amendment to the states, protecting the right to bear arms.

Majoritarian Tyranny

The risk that a majority faction may infringe on the rights of minority groups.

Separation of Powers

Dividing government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.

Checks and Balances

A system ensuring that no single branch of government dominates the others.

Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)

Allows Congress to pass laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.