03. Environment (1)

adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ (v)

điều chỉnh (thay đổi nhỏ để phù hợp). Ex: (1) He adjusted the chair. (2) Governments adjust policies to address environmental issues.

modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ (v)

sửa đổi (một phần, có mục đích cụ thể). Ex: (1) She modified the plan. (2) Scientists modify methods to reduce pollution.

adopt /əˈdɒpt/ (v)

áp dụng. Ex: (1) They adopted a new rule. (2) Many countries adopt green technologies to protect the environment.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ (n)

sự vật lộn, đấu tranh. Ex: (1) It was a struggle. (2) The struggle to reduce emissions is ongoing worldwide.

contaminated /kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/ (adj)

bị ô nhiễm. Ex: (1) The water is contaminated. (2) Contaminated soil affects agriculture and health.

precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ (adj)

chính xác. Ex: (1) Give a precise answer. (2) Scientists need precise data to study climate change.

conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/ (adj)

có ý thức, nhận thức. Ex: (1) He is conscious of danger. (2) People are becoming more environmentally conscious.

beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ (adj)

có lợi, mang lại lợi ích. Ex: (1) Exercise is beneficial. (2) Recycling is beneficial to the environment.

litter /ˈlɪtər/ (v/n)

xả rác / rác. Ex: (1) Parks are often littered with plastic waste after festivals. (2) Litter harms wildlife and pollutes public spaces.

refillable /ˌriːˈfɪləbl/ (adj)

có thể đổ đầy lại. Ex: (1) Use a refillable bottle. (2) Refillable containers reduce plastic waste.

divert /daɪˈvɜːrt/ (v)

chuyển hướng. Ex: (1) The government decided to divert traffic to reduce congestion. (2) Waste can be diverted from landfills through recycling.

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ (v)

làm phân tâm, mất tập trung. Ex: (1) Noise distracts him. (2) Media distractions can reduce focus on environmental issues.

alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/ (n/adj)

lựa chọn thay thế. Ex: (1) This is an alternative. (2) Renewable energy is an alternative to fossil fuels.

requirement /rɪˈkwaɪərmənt/ (n)

yêu cầu. Ex: (1) This is a requirement. (2) Environmental laws set strict requirements for industries.

movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ (n)

phong trào. Ex: (1) The women’s rights movement has achieved significant progress over the years. (2) Environmental movements raise awareness about climate change.

mission /ˈmɪʃn/ (n)

nhiệm vụ, sứ mệnh. Ex: (1) The government launched a mission (triển khai nhiệm vụ) to reduce pollution. (2) Many organizations have a mission to protect wildlife.

combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ (v)

chống lại. Ex: (1) Strict laws are needed to combat crime. (2) Scientists are working to combat infectious diseases.

spill /spɪl/ (v/n)

tràn, đổ. Ex: (1) He accidentally spilled water on the table. (2) Oil spills cause serious environmental damage.

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtuːd/ (n)

độ lớn, quy mô, mức độ. Ex: (1) The problem is large in magnitude. (2) The magnitude of environmental pollution requires governments to adopt measures to combat it.

plentiful /ˈplentɪfl/ (adj)

dồi dào. Ex: (1) The region has plentiful natural resources. (2) In developed countries, food is generally plentiful.

realistic /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ (adj)

thực tế, không viễn vông. Ex: (1) Set realistic goals. (2) Governments need realistic solutions to environmental problems.

origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ (n)

nguồn gốc. Ex: (1) This product is of European origin. (2) Scientists study the origin of pollution sources.

sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ (n)

nước thải sinh hoạt. Ex: (1) Sewage flows into rivers. (2) Untreated sewage contaminates water supplies.

landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ (n)

bãi chôn lấp rác. Ex: (1) Waste goes to landfill. (2) Landfills produce harmful gases.

compost /ˈkɒmpɒst/ (n/v)

phân hữu cơ. Ex: (1) They make compost. (2) Composting reduces organic waste in landfills.

livestock /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ (n) (uncountable)

gia súc. Ex: (1) Farmers raise livestock. (2) Livestock farming contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.

controversy /ˈkɒntrəvɜːrsi/ (n)

tranh cãi. Ex: (1) There is a heated controversy over animal testing. (2) Climate policies often lead to controversy.

obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ (adj)

rõ ràng. Ex: (1) The answer is obvious. (2) The effects of pollution are becoming obvious.

convey /kənˈveɪ/ (v)

truyền đạt, truyền tải. Ex: (1) He conveyed his message. (2) Media conveys environmental information to the public.

disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/ (v)

làm gián đoạn. Ex: (1) Loud music disrupts the class. (2) Natural disasters can disrupt essential services.

organism /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/ (n)

sinh vật. Ex: (1) The organism is small. (2) Every organism plays a role in the ecosystem.

potential /pəˈtenʃl/ (n)

tiềm năng. Ex: (1) It has great potential. (2) Renewable energy has the potential to replace fossil fuels.

tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ (adj)

nhiệt đới (gần xích đạo). Ex: (1) They live in a tropical area. (2) Tropical forests are rich in biodiversity.

set up something /set ʌp ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

thành lập, thiết lập. Ex: (1) Governments should set up recycling systems to reduce waste. (2) NGOs set up programs to protect the environment.

opt for something /ɒpt fɔːr ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

chọn cái gì. Ex: (1) I opt for tea. (2) Many people opt for eco-friendly products.

make up for something /meɪk ʌp fɔːr ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

bù đắp (cho thiếu hụt, mất mát, lầm lỗi). Ex: (1) He made up for his mistake. (2) Good communication can make up for a lack of experience. (3) He worked hard to make up for lost time. (4) Governments should take action to make up for environmental damage.

fall behind with somebody/something /fɔːl bɪˈhaɪnd wɪð ˈsʌmbədi ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

tụt lại phía sau, không theo kịp (tiến độ, nghĩa vụ). Ex: (1) He fell behind with work. (2) Some countries fall behind with environmental policies.

drop out of something /drɒp aʊt əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

bỏ dở (rời khỏi một quá trình trước khi hoàn thành). Ex: (1) He dropped out of school at 16. (2) Some young people drop out of education to start working early. (3) Students who fall behind with their studies may eventually drop out of school.

sort something into something /sɔːrt ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈɪntuː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

phân loại vào các nhóm. Ex: (1) Sort waste into bins. (2) People sort rubbish into recyclable categories.

ban somebody from doing something /bæn ˈsʌmbədi frəm ˈduːɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

cấm ai làm gì. Ex: (1) They banned him from entering. (2) Authorities ban people from littering in public areas.

on the verge of something /ɒn ðə vɜːrdʒ əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

trên bờ vực của cái gì, đang rất gần, sắp xảy ra (có thể tiêu cực hoặc tích cực). Ex: (1) He is on the verge of success. (2) Some species are on the verge of extinction.