Alfred Adler

Alfred Adler

Founder of Individual Psychology emphasizing social influences.

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalyst focused on sex and aggression motivations.

Striving for Superiority

Primary motivation driving human behavior and personality.

Final Goal

Fictional objective unifying personality and behavior.

Creative Power

Ability to shape behavior and personality freely.

Feelings of Inferiority

Inherent feelings leading to dependence on others.

Psychologically Healthy People

Aware of actions and motivations, striving for success.

Preliminary Goals

Subgoals pursued while striving for the final goal.

Fictionalism

Guiding subjective perceptions shaping life and behavior.

Teleological View

Motivation driven by present perceptions of the future.

Physical Inferiorities

Organ deficiencies prompting feelings of inferiority.

Organ Dialect

Body's organs express individual goals and feelings.

Conscious

Understanding of goals aiding in striving for success.

Unconscious

Part of the goal not fully understood by individuals.

Gemeinschaftsgefuhl

Social feeling promoting cooperation for societal advancement.

Origins of Social Interest

Developed from mother-child relationship in infancy.

Social Interest

Empathy and cooperation for the benefit of society.

Striving for Personal Superiority

Self-centered goals driven by feelings of inferiority.

Striving for Success

Goals focused on social interest and collective success.

Psychological Health

Awareness of motivations and contributions to society.

Inferiority Complex

Exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority affecting behavior.

Childhood Development

Creative power develops by age 4 or 5.

Emotional Detachment

Parental neglect leading to warped social interest.

Paternal Authoritarianism

Overbearing fathering affecting child's social development.

Social Progress

Collective advancement prioritized over personal credit.

Unity of Personality

Thoughts, feelings, and actions directed toward a single goal.

Behavioral Consistency

Actions appear coherent when viewed from final goal.

Subjective Perceptions

Personal interpretations guiding motivations and actions.

Healthy People

Motivated by social interest and feelings of incompleteness.

Neurotic Style of Life

Results from exaggerated feelings of inferiority.

Style of Life

Includes goals, self-concept, and world attitude.

Abnormal Development

Underdeveloped social interest leads to maladjustment.

Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies

Cause overcompensation and feelings of inferiority.

Pampered Style of Life

Results in weak social interest and dependency.

Neglected Style of Life

Develops from feelings of being unloved and unwanted.

Safeguarding Tendencies

Protective behaviors against anxiety in Adler's theory.

Freud's Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious strategies to protect against anxiety.

Excuses

Common safeguarding tendency to protect self-esteem.

Aggression

Includes depreciation, accusation, and self-accusation.

Depreciation

Undervaluing others to enhance one's own worth.

Accusation

Blaming others for personal failures and seeking revenge.

Self-Accusation

Self-torture to inflict suffering on close ones.

Withdrawal

Safeguarding through emotional or physical distance.

Moving Backward

Reverting to a more secure life period.

Standing Still

Avoiding responsibility to safeguard aspirations.

Hesitating

Procrastination leading to excuses for inaction.

Neighborly Love

One of the three major life problems to solve.

Sexual Love

Another major problem in Adler's life framework.

Occupation

Third major problem requiring social interest.

Constructing Obstacles

Safeguarding tendency to protect self-esteem.

Masculine Protest

Cultural emphasis on masculinity over anatomy.

Family Constellation

Influence of birth order on personality.

Firstborn Children

Experience power, anxiety, and overprotectiveness.

Secondborn Children

Shaped by older sibling's attitude; competitive.

Youngest Children

Pampered, risk of inferiority and dependency.

Only Child

Exaggerated superiority; lacks social cooperation.

Self-Centered Style of Life

Hostility toward new siblings in firstborns.

Cooperating Style of Life

Adopting attitudes toward new siblings.

High Anxiety

Common in firstborn children due to dethronement.

Strong Feelings of Inferiority

Common in youngest children due to pampering.

Parasitic Attitude

Expecting others to care for them.

Cultural Influences

Societal norms shape gender expectations.

Martha Bermays Freud

Traditional housewife with no career interest.

Raissa Epstein Adler

Independent woman preferring political career.

Psychic Life of Women

Similar to men, according to Adler.

Alienation

Feeling disconnected from others and society.