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Alfred Adler
Founder of Individual Psychology emphasizing social influences.
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalyst focused on sex and aggression motivations.
Striving for Superiority
Primary motivation driving human behavior and personality.
Final Goal
Fictional objective unifying personality and behavior.
Creative Power
Ability to shape behavior and personality freely.
Feelings of Inferiority
Inherent feelings leading to dependence on others.
Psychologically Healthy People
Aware of actions and motivations, striving for success.
Preliminary Goals
Subgoals pursued while striving for the final goal.
Fictionalism
Guiding subjective perceptions shaping life and behavior.
Teleological View
Motivation driven by present perceptions of the future.
Physical Inferiorities
Organ deficiencies prompting feelings of inferiority.
Organ Dialect
Body's organs express individual goals and feelings.
Conscious
Understanding of goals aiding in striving for success.
Unconscious
Part of the goal not fully understood by individuals.
Gemeinschaftsgefuhl
Social feeling promoting cooperation for societal advancement.
Origins of Social Interest
Developed from mother-child relationship in infancy.
Social Interest
Empathy and cooperation for the benefit of society.
Striving for Personal Superiority
Self-centered goals driven by feelings of inferiority.
Striving for Success
Goals focused on social interest and collective success.
Psychological Health
Awareness of motivations and contributions to society.
Inferiority Complex
Exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority affecting behavior.
Childhood Development
Creative power develops by age 4 or 5.
Emotional Detachment
Parental neglect leading to warped social interest.
Paternal Authoritarianism
Overbearing fathering affecting child's social development.
Social Progress
Collective advancement prioritized over personal credit.
Unity of Personality
Thoughts, feelings, and actions directed toward a single goal.
Behavioral Consistency
Actions appear coherent when viewed from final goal.
Subjective Perceptions
Personal interpretations guiding motivations and actions.
Healthy People
Motivated by social interest and feelings of incompleteness.
Neurotic Style of Life
Results from exaggerated feelings of inferiority.
Style of Life
Includes goals, self-concept, and world attitude.
Abnormal Development
Underdeveloped social interest leads to maladjustment.
Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies
Cause overcompensation and feelings of inferiority.
Pampered Style of Life
Results in weak social interest and dependency.
Neglected Style of Life
Develops from feelings of being unloved and unwanted.
Safeguarding Tendencies
Protective behaviors against anxiety in Adler's theory.
Freud's Defense Mechanisms
Unconscious strategies to protect against anxiety.
Excuses
Common safeguarding tendency to protect self-esteem.
Aggression
Includes depreciation, accusation, and self-accusation.
Depreciation
Undervaluing others to enhance one's own worth.
Accusation
Blaming others for personal failures and seeking revenge.
Self-Accusation
Self-torture to inflict suffering on close ones.
Withdrawal
Safeguarding through emotional or physical distance.
Moving Backward
Reverting to a more secure life period.
Standing Still
Avoiding responsibility to safeguard aspirations.
Hesitating
Procrastination leading to excuses for inaction.
Neighborly Love
One of the three major life problems to solve.
Sexual Love
Another major problem in Adler's life framework.
Occupation
Third major problem requiring social interest.
Constructing Obstacles
Safeguarding tendency to protect self-esteem.
Masculine Protest
Cultural emphasis on masculinity over anatomy.
Family Constellation
Influence of birth order on personality.
Firstborn Children
Experience power, anxiety, and overprotectiveness.
Secondborn Children
Shaped by older sibling's attitude; competitive.
Youngest Children
Pampered, risk of inferiority and dependency.
Only Child
Exaggerated superiority; lacks social cooperation.
Self-Centered Style of Life
Hostility toward new siblings in firstborns.
Cooperating Style of Life
Adopting attitudes toward new siblings.
High Anxiety
Common in firstborn children due to dethronement.
Strong Feelings of Inferiority
Common in youngest children due to pampering.
Parasitic Attitude
Expecting others to care for them.
Cultural Influences
Societal norms shape gender expectations.
Martha Bermays Freud
Traditional housewife with no career interest.
Raissa Epstein Adler
Independent woman preferring political career.
Psychic Life of Women
Similar to men, according to Adler.
Alienation
Feeling disconnected from others and society.
