0. THEORY (1-5)

What is the main idea behind Consensus Theories in sociology?

Society works because people share norms and values.

Who is a key thinker associated with Functionalism?

Émile Durkheim.

What do Functionalists believe is essential for social order?

Social cohesion and social control.

What is the significance of socialisation according to Consensus Theories?

It creates value consensus.

What are the two types of socialisation mentioned in the notes?

Primary (family) and Secondary (school, media, religion).

What do the New Right theories support?

Free market economy and traditional family values.

What is a major criticism of Consensus Theories?

They ignore inequality and power.

According to Conflict Theories, what is society based on?

Inequality and the struggle for power.

What are the two main classes identified by Karl Marx in Marxism?

Bourgeoisie (ruling class) and Proletariat (working class).

What is a key concept in Marxism that refers to the misunderstanding of one's social conditions?

False consciousness.

What type of feminism argues that capitalism and patriarchy oppress women?

Marxist feminism.

What is a strength of Conflict Theories?

They explain inequality and social change.

What is a weakness of Conflict Theories?

They over-focus on conflict.

What is the main focus of Structural Theories in sociology?

The macro approach where society shapes individuals.

What is the main focus of Social Action Theories?

The micro approach focusing on individual meanings and interactions.

Who is associated with the concept of the 'Looking-glass self'?

Charles Horton Cooley.

What is the main idea behind Postmodernity in sociology?

Claims society has changed completely, emphasizing diversity and fragmentation.

What is a key feature of late modernity according to Anthony Giddens?

Rapid changes while still being in modernity.

According to positivists, what methods should sociology use?

Scientific methods and quantitative approaches.

What does Interpretivism focus on in its approach to sociology?

Understanding meanings and how humans create meanings.

What does Karl Popper argue is necessary for scientific theories?

Falsification.

What is methodological pluralism in sociology?

Using multiple methods together.

What is the purpose of a pilot study in research design?

To test research in a small trial run.

What kind of studies are characterized by research conducted over a long time?

Longitudinal studies.

What are secondary data examples in sociology?

Official statistics and historical records.

What are the four factors that influence the choice of research topic and method?

Practical factors, ethical factors, theoretical factors, and personal values.