Endocrine Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts in endocrine pathophysiology, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes, and SIADH.

Hyperthyroidism

A condition characterized by unintentional weight loss, heat intolerance, and bulging eyes, often due to Grave's disease.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

An autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.

Parathyroid adenoma

A benign tumor in the parathyroid gland, leading to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypercalcemia.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A severe complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis due to a lack of insulin.

SIADH

A condition characterized by excessive release of ADH, leading to water retention, resulting in hyponatremia and concentrated urine.

Pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease)

A benign tumor in the pituitary gland that secretes excess ACTH, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal glands.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity

Myxedema

Severe Hypothyroidism leading to decreased mental status, hypothermia, and other symptoms related to slowing of function in multiple organs.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

Central diabetes insipidus

A condition caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive urine output (polyuria) and the production of dilute urine.