Ped Speech Disorders Midterm

What is phonology

Rules governing the sound system of a language

Phonology - governing __________, __________, and ___________ of speech sounds

structure, distribution, sequencing

What is a phonome?

Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a language that distinguish one word from another (sounds that make meaningful contracts in a language

What are some examples of minimal pairs

pit vs bit, ship vs chip

What are phonotatics

possible phoneme sequences in a language

Phonemic inventory

The repertoire of phonemes used contrastively in a language

What is phonetics

The study of sounds of human speech (articulatory, acoustic, auditory)

What are allophones

The physical phonetic variant of phonemes (pin vs. spin)

What is articulation

motor movements in producing speech sounds

What is phonetic inventory

The repertoire of speech sounds of all the characteristic production features (greater than phonemic)

How does phonetic inventory differ from phonemic inventory

Phonetic is what sounds you can produce with your articulators, while phonemic is what sounds you use to create meaning

What has more intelligibility, dysarthria or neuro disorders

Can't compare neuro disorders to articulator weakness

to differentiate the consonants /b/, /m/, /p/ & /d/, how many dimensions would you need?

3 (place, manner, voice)

How many consonants are there in English

24

There can be a max of _____ consonants at the beginning of a word

three

There can be a max of ____ consonants at the end of a word

four

How many monophthongs are there?

12

To differentiate the monophthongs, how many dimensions would you need

4 (position of tongue, roundness of the lips, tense/lax, nasality)

_________ ______ are for reading and literacy

vowel letters

______ are phonemes for speech processing and production

vowels

Which is bigger phonetic inventory or phonemic inventory

phonetic

What is categorical perception

used to help group sounds together

what is the ASHA definition of sound

Speech sound disorders is an umbrella term referring to any combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, and/or the phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments (including phonotactic rules that govern syllable shape, structure, and stress, as well as prosody) that impact speech intelligibility.

What is the International expert panel on Multilingual Children's speech definition of speech sound disorders

Speech sound disorders: Children with speech sound disorders can have any combination of difficulties with perception, articulation/motor production, and/or phonological representation of speech segments (consonants and vowels), phonotactics (syllable and word shapes), and prosody (lexical and grammatical tones, rhythm, stress, and intonation) that may impact speech intelligibility and acceptability. Within this document, speech sound disorders is used as an umbrella term for the full range of speech sound difficulties of both known (e.g., Down syndrome, cleft lip and palate) and presently unknown origin. Other terms for speech sound disorders include: articulation and phonological delay/disorder, and speech impairment

What is the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders definition of speech sound disorders

Speech sound disorder in DSM-V vs

phonological disorder in DSM - IV (2000)

No mentioning of speech perception

SSD not attributable to congenital or acquired conditions (cerebral palsy, cleft palate, deafness or hearing loss, TBI, or other medical or neurological conditions (APA, 2013, p.44)

What is WHO's definition of speech sound disorders

We no longer use F80.0 Specific speech articulation disorder in ICD-10 (WHO, 2015b)

"The speech errors are not directly attributable to a hearing impairment or to a structural or neurological abnormality (WHO, 2015a)

ONe out of _____ students identified as having some areas of learning need

three

The presence of a communication disorder is the most important predictor that a student will require a high level of ___________ at school

support

What is the number 1 concern among parents and educators for young children 4-5 years old

expressive speech and language skills

What is the percentage of children with disabilities ages 3-21 received services in public schools

21.1%

What is the percentage of pre-k students enrolled in SLP services for articulation/intelligibility

about 75%

Why is thee a high variation in prevalence across studies

wide age range, how the data is collected (direct assessment vs. parent/teacher report), differences in definitions of SSD, sampling method, cut-off point on a standardized test

______ of children improved without intervention

half

Would prevalence by higher or lower by using absolute errors

higher

Would one or two standard deviations below the mean be for a caseload for a school have a higher prevalence

one standard because more children will borderline need therapy

What are some differences between adults with histories of SSD and adults without histories of SSD

poorer in articulation, errors on /r,s,z/, errors on phonological processes (cluster reduction, depalatalization, final consonant deletion), differences in prosody (rate, stress, vocal quality), fewer years of education, lower skilled jobs

What are some similarities between adults with and without histories of SSD

emotional adjustment, introversion/anxiety, and the ability to get employment

Teens with persistent SSD will most likely have

difficulties with polysyllabic words, errors in conversational speech, speech errors include distortion on /r, l, s, z/, substitution erros, phonological processes, weakness in prosody and fluency, poorer nonword repetition, vocab reading, spelling

what is nonword repetition

used to measure short-term memory for sounds, repeating a word back even if the person does not know the word

Out of people with SSD, LD, or typical who has the higher education and socioeconmic status

typical and SSD > LD

Out of people with SSD, LD, or typical who is most likely to complete high school

SSD > LD

Out of people with SSD, LD, or typical who are most likely to complete undergraduate degree

typical > SSD > LD

True or false: there is no difference between typical, SSD, LD when it comes to marriage, number of children, % of employment, or quality of life

true

What are some social impacts that may impact a child with SSD

prefer familiar environments, embarrassment, behavioral problems, poorer peer relationship, avoid conversations

What are risk factors for SSD

male, family history, hearing status, education of parents

What are the five major classes of SSD

phonological-based: phonological impairment, inconsistent speech disorder

Motor based: articulation impairment, dysarthria, childhood apraxia

What is a phonological impairment

difficulty learning the phonological system of the native language

for children with STRICTLY phonological impairment, they do NOT have problems with ____________ of individual speech sounds or show difficulties with peripheral motor processes

articulation

How many possible templates for phoneme insertion in English

20 different templates

For a client with phonological impairment, can they imitate speech sounds

yes

For a client with a phonological impairment, does successful imitation imply abilities to perceive and use target sounds contrastively for meanings in words

no

For a client with a phonological impairment, does successful imitation imply abilities to use sounds in accordance with phonotactic rules

no

For a phonological impairment, Difficulty learning how speech sounds are used _____________ to express meanings

constrastively

For a phonological impairment, Difficulty ______________ and ___________ speech sounds accourding to rule specfic to the native languages

perceiving and producing

For a phonological impairment, Errors are _____________

consistent

What is phonemic collapse

multiple phonemes are lumped together

For a phonological impairment, No __________ signs of childhood apraxia

oro-motor

What is a phonological delay

Systematic errors that are typical in younger children and should have resolved at the age of your clients (ex, final consonant deletion, cluster reduction)

What is a phonological disorder

Systematic errors that are not typical in younger children (ex. Initial consonant deletion, glottal insertion)

What is lexical-inconsistency

unpredictable pronunciations of the same words

What is a potential cause for an Inconsistent speech disorder

difficulty with phonological planning (selecting and sequencing phonemes)

What are some features of ISD

clients can articulate, can imitate words, intelligibility improves in word imitation, absences of oromotor signs of apraxia

What is an appropriate assessment of ISD

imitation and conversation

DEAP is not good for differentiating between

dysarthria, apraxia, and ISD

To test for ISD, you should look at

Oral Mech, conversational speech, imitation, and lastly DEAP