Intro to Psych Final Study Guide

[Blank] development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

During Piaget's proposed [Blank] stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

Concrete operational

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the [Blank] lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Frontal

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of [Blank] motor skills.

Fine

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of [Blank] motor skills.

Gross

During Jean Piaget's [Blank] stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

Sensorimotor

According to {Blank], lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

Authoritative

According to the [Blank] theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

James-Lange

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

Infant rooting for a nipple

What is the main idea of drive theory?

Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

Research has found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, both of which are part of the [Blank], are brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation.

Limbic System

A(n) [Blank] is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) [Blank] refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

Emotion; mood

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent [Blank] needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Physiological

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: [Blank].

Physiological and cognitive

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

Babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the [Blank].

Facial feedback hypothesis

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Denial

A(n) [Blank] complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

Inferiority

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the [Blank] stage of her psychosexual development.

Oral

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Regression

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their [Blank]might be narcissistic and impulsive.

Id

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

Archetypes

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to [Blank].

Anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

[Blank] holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

Dispositionism

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of [Blank] social influence.

Normative

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called [Blank].

Prejudice

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

Foot-in-the-door technique

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include [Blank].

Emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition.

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) [Blank] bias.

In-group

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or [Blank], of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions.

Confederate