L1: Intro & Major Themes of Physiology

epithelial tissue

tissue function: lining, transport, secretion, & absorption

connective tissue

tissue function: support, strength, elasticity

muscle tissue

tissue function: movement

nervous tissue

tissue function: information, synthesis communication, & control

total body water

all of the intracellular & extracellular fluid combined

amphipathic

possessing both hydrophobic & hydrophilic properties

plasma membrane

structure that separates the inner cell from the outer cell

tight junctions

help to make the spaces between cells impermeable

desmosomes

increase restistance of the tissue to mechanical stress

gap junctions

allow small substances to move from one cell to another

passive transport

moving with the gradient from [high] to [low]

active transport

moving against the gradient from [low] to [high]

steroids

small & hydrophobic molecules

simple diffusion

passive transport directly through the phospholipid bilayer

facilitated diffusion

passive transport through the phospholipid bilayer via carrier or channel proteins

homeostasis

how varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant internal environment that makes optimal functioning

stimulus

changes to controlled condition

sensor

stimulus receptor

control center

performs integration (nervous or endocrine system)

effector

muscles or glandsnee

negative feedback loop

when a variable shifts too far from normal, physiological processes alter activity to return to normal

positive feedback loop

an effector’s activity increases in response to a stimulus