4.6 Effects of the Market Revolution on Society and Culture

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causes of growing interdependence among people

  • specialization on the farm

  • growth of cities

  • industrialization

  • development of modern capitalism

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women

  • single women moved to domestic service, teaching, factory jobs (Lowell System)

  • cult of domesticity - because men worked away from home, women took responsibility of moral leaders within the home

  • less arranged marriage, choice to have less kids

  • legal restrictions (ex. no right to vote)

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social mobility

moving upward in income level and social status could occur from one generation to the next, more opportunity than Europe

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population growth and change

  • increased immigration due to development of ocean transport, famine and revolution in Europe, and economic opportunity and political freedom in the U.S.

  • enslaved population increased despite ban on importation of African Americans after 1808

  • urban life - population increased leading to crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, high crime rates in large working class neighborhoods

  • Industrial Revolution - offered new opportunities and attracted people to cities

  • new cities became transfer points, processing farm products and distributing manufactured goods

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organized labor

  • Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) - Massachusetts supreme court ruled that peaceful unions had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employees

  • ten-hour workdays - passed by some North state legislatures in 1840s