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causes of growing interdependence among people
specialization on the farm
growth of cities
industrialization
development of modern capitalism
women
single women moved to domestic service, teaching, factory jobs (Lowell System)
cult of domesticity - because men worked away from home, women took responsibility of moral leaders within the home
less arranged marriage, choice to have less kids
legal restrictions (ex. no right to vote)
social mobility
moving upward in income level and social status could occur from one generation to the next, more opportunity than Europe
population growth and change
increased immigration due to development of ocean transport, famine and revolution in Europe, and economic opportunity and political freedom in the U.S.
enslaved population increased despite ban on importation of African Americans after 1808
urban life - population increased leading to crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, high crime rates in large working class neighborhoods
Industrial Revolution - offered new opportunities and attracted people to cities
new cities became transfer points, processing farm products and distributing manufactured goods
organized labor
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) - Massachusetts supreme court ruled that peaceful unions had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employees
ten-hour workdays - passed by some North state legislatures in 1840s
