Force - length & Torque – Joint Angle Relationships

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Flashcards on Force, Length, Torque, Joint Angle Relationships

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16 Terms

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Force-Length Relationship

As muscle stretches, the maximum force increases until it hits a point where it weakens and plateaus.

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Passive Force

Force generated by passive structures in the muscle.

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Active Force

Force generated by the active contraction of the muscle.

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Optimal Overlap

The ideal arrangement of muscle filaments for force generation.

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Frog Muscles - F-L Curves

Passive structures have a large force contribution in the gastrocnemius, but low in the semitendinosus.

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Energy Efficiency (F-L Curves)

Lower limb muscles move through a certain portion of the curve when walking for efficient energy use.

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Gastrocnemius Insertion

The insertion point into the knee affects muscle stretch and adaptations like hypertrophy during exercises like standing calf raises.

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Torque-Joint Angle Relationship

Peak torques occur at joint angles encountering the greatest loads in daily activities.

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Hip Flexor Weakness

Hip flexors are weaker when stretched due to less frequent stretching in daily activities.

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Elbow Flexor – Joint Angle Relationship

Force vector increases in the bicep as it flexes relative to the joint angle, however, too much flexion will lead to decreased force potential.

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Knee Extensor Torque

Torque generated is based on the forces generated and the moment arm of the joint.

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Measuring T-JA Relationships

Isometric strength tests at various joint angles or slow isokinetic dynamometer contractions through full ROM.

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Variable Resistance Machines

Mechanical advantage changes across ROM to suit the average 'strength curve'.

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Torque-Velocity Relationship of Human Muscle

Slower movements generate more torque. Eccentric actions are strongest, followed by isometric, then concentric actions.

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Concentric Activation in Lifting

Lifting requires more muscle capacity than lowering the same weight eccentrically.

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Aging & the Force-Velocity Curve

Both the Force and Velocity portions of the Force-Velocity Curve tends to decrease with age, especially in shortening contractions and isometric actions meaning there is a devastating loss of power.