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Flashcards on Force, Length, Torque, Joint Angle Relationships
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Force-Length Relationship
As muscle stretches, the maximum force increases until it hits a point where it weakens and plateaus.
Passive Force
Force generated by passive structures in the muscle.
Active Force
Force generated by the active contraction of the muscle.
Optimal Overlap
The ideal arrangement of muscle filaments for force generation.
Frog Muscles - F-L Curves
Passive structures have a large force contribution in the gastrocnemius, but low in the semitendinosus.
Energy Efficiency (F-L Curves)
Lower limb muscles move through a certain portion of the curve when walking for efficient energy use.
Gastrocnemius Insertion
The insertion point into the knee affects muscle stretch and adaptations like hypertrophy during exercises like standing calf raises.
Torque-Joint Angle Relationship
Peak torques occur at joint angles encountering the greatest loads in daily activities.
Hip Flexor Weakness
Hip flexors are weaker when stretched due to less frequent stretching in daily activities.
Elbow Flexor – Joint Angle Relationship
Force vector increases in the bicep as it flexes relative to the joint angle, however, too much flexion will lead to decreased force potential.
Knee Extensor Torque
Torque generated is based on the forces generated and the moment arm of the joint.
Measuring T-JA Relationships
Isometric strength tests at various joint angles or slow isokinetic dynamometer contractions through full ROM.
Variable Resistance Machines
Mechanical advantage changes across ROM to suit the average 'strength curve'.
Torque-Velocity Relationship of Human Muscle
Slower movements generate more torque. Eccentric actions are strongest, followed by isometric, then concentric actions.
Concentric Activation in Lifting
Lifting requires more muscle capacity than lowering the same weight eccentrically.
Aging & the Force-Velocity Curve
Both the Force and Velocity portions of the Force-Velocity Curve tends to decrease with age, especially in shortening contractions and isometric actions meaning there is a devastating loss of power.