Common Diseases

bursitis

inflammation of bursa (fluid-filled sac that reduces friction as joints move)

epicondylitis

inflammation of forearm tendon (tennis elbow)

muscular dystrophy

disease of wasting of skeletal muscles

myasthenia gravis

neuromuscular disease, poor transmission from nerves to muscle fibers

polymyalgia rheumatica

muscle pain and stiffness

sprain

ligament

strain

tendon

tendonitis

inflammation of tendons

anemia

low hemoglobin or RBCs

angina pectoris

low O2 to heart, causes chest pain, due to stress or activity

arteriosclerosis

hardening of arteries

CHF

pulmonary edema resulting from low pumping performance of heart

claudication

circulation problem; calf pain upon walking, subsides at rest

hemophilia

inability to clot blood

ischemia

temporary low of blood flow to an organ or tissue

murmur

blood leaking back through a narrowed or deformed valve

rheumatic heart disease

damaged coronary valves resutling from streptococcal upper respiratory infection (URI)

lymphoma

benign or malignant tumor

hodgkin's disease

malignant with enlarged speen, generally in young men

non-hodgkin's lymphoma

malignant throughout lympth tissues, generally in older adults

mononucleosis

caused by epstein-barr virus, enlarged spleen and lymph tissue

splenomegaly

enlarged spleen, associated with infectious disease

botulism

food poisoning, usual cause is clostridium botulinum bacteria

cholelithiasis

gallstones, painful, nausea, vomiting, mild jaundice

cirrhosis

end-stage liver disease, chronic liver cell destruction

colitis

inflammation of colon

crohn's disease

inflammatory bowel disease, usually ileum

hemorrhoids

dilated, inflamed veins of rectum and anus

hernia

protusion of an organ through the wall of containing cavity

dermatitis

inflammation of skin causing itching and redness

diaphoresis

excessive sweating

furuncle

boil

keloid

abnormal scar, raised

macule

flat skin lesion

nevus

mole

papule

pimple

psoriasis

inflammation of skin; scaly red raised patches on skin surface; causes itching

scleroderma

causes thickened, rigid skin

tinea

fungal skin infection (ring worm, athlete's foot)

urticaria

hives or raised wheals caused by allergic reaction or stress

vesicle

raised blister-like sac on skin

atelectasis

absence of air in lungs and alveoli, cause structures to collapse

croup

viral, usually in infants, causes pronounced barking cough

cystic fibrosis

genetic, abnormally thick mucus secretions in result of impaired breathing

emphysema

form of COPD, loss of alveoli elasticity, causes difficult respiration

legionnaire's disease

form of pneumonia, caused by legionella pneumophila bacteria

pertussis

bacterial infection in infants may be fatal

pneumothorax

air in pleural cavity causing partial or complete collapse of lungs

pulmonary edema

fluid accumulation in lungs, associated with CHF

tuberculosis

bacterial infection causing nodules in lungs

bell's palsy

bacterial infection, causes one-sided facial paralysis

parkinson's disease

progressive; decreased supply of dopamine; tremors, involuntary movement

TIA (transient ischemic attack)

minor, temporary symptoms, warning of possible upcoming stroke

petit mal seizure

occurs in childhood, mental shutdown, pt doesn't know what is happening after episode occured

grand mal seizure

occurs at any age, pt falls down unconscious, goes rigid, twiches or jerks, may be preceded by a warning

focal seizure

uncontrollable twitching, begins on one part of body then spreads to surrounding structures and eventually full body. patient is conscious during seizure

temporal lobe seizure

after brief warning, pt suddenly acts out of character for a few minutes, an unconscious chewing motion may occur during seizure

amblyopia

lazy eye

astigmatism

distortion caused by uneven curvature of cornea

glaucoma

increased pressure on optic nerve, can cause blindness

hypermetropia

farsightedness

myopia

nearsightedness

strabismus

cross-eyed

acromegaly

increased growth hormone in adults

addison's disease

bronze skin, hypotension, due to slow destroying of adrenal cortex

cushing's syndrome

moon face, thin limbs, fat torso, due to adrenal gland tumor

goiter

swollen neck from enlarged thyroid; iodine deficiency

grave's disease

increased metabolism, anxiety

hashimoto's disease

congenital, autoimmune, hypothyroidism

cystitis

bladder infection, e coli most common cause

edema

swelling due to fluid accumulation;symptoms of glomerulonephritis

glomerulonephritis

glomerulus loses ability to be selectively permeable

hyperkalemia

increased potassium level

pyelonephritis

bacterial infection affecting renal pelvis

renal calculi

kidney stones

chlamydia

wart growths on external genitalia, can cause cervical cancer

herpes genitalis

viral, can cause cervical cancer

syphilis

infectious, chronic, results in lesions on any organ or body part

trichomoniasis

genitourinary parasitic infection; can result in female vaginitis