Mash & Wolfe Quiz Chapter 12 Child Maltreatment/ Trauma & stressor related disorders

Allostatic load refers to ____________.

Select one:

a.a measure of how much stress teens can safely handle

b.the biological response of a stressful event on a child

c.the progressive wear and tear on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress

d.an indicator of the effects of child maltreatment on a child's outlook

c. the progressive wear and tear on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress

Children who experience chronic stress tend to develop ____, a progressive wear and tear on biological systems.

Select one:

a.oppositional defiance

b.allostatic load

c.obsessive-compulsive disorder

d.regulatory disinhibition

b. allostatic load

Boys are more likely to be sexually abused by ____.

Select one:

a.their mothers

b.their fathers

c.siblings

d.male nonfamily members

d. male nonfamily members

If a child with a diagnosed psychological disorder (e.g., depression) was also being abused, the maltreatment would be noted in the ____ based on the DSM-5.

Select one:

a.Axis I category

b.extra comments section of the assessment

c.progress notes but not the diagnosis

d.other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention category

d. other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention category

A history of sexual abuse is reported more often by ____.

Select one:

a.young males

b.young females

c.adolescent females

d.adolescent males

c. adolescent females

Which treatment is LEAST likely to be given to a child who has been sexually abused?

Select one:

a.Education and support

b.Controlled-exposure techniques

c.Cognitive-behavioral methods

d.Escapism

d. Escapism

An example of emotional child neglect would be ____________.

Select one:

a.an infant who had to be hospitalized for near drowning after being left alone in a bathtub

b.a 2-year-old found wandering in the street late at night, naked and alone

c.an 11-year-old who is chronically truant

d.a child whose mother helped him shoot out the windows of a neighbor's house

d. a child whose mother helped him shoot out the windows of a neighbor's house

A history of ____ among males is a significant risk factor for inappropriate sexual behaviors, alienation, and social incompetence in adolescence.

Select one:

a.physical abuse

b.sexual abuse

c.neglect

d.any form of maltreatment

d. any form of maltreatment

An example of physical child neglect would be ____________.

Select one:

a.a middle schooler who is permitted to drink and use drugs

b.siblings who were subjected to repeated incidents of family violence between their parents

c.a teenager who is permitted to decide for himself whether to go to school and how long to stay each day

d.children living in a home contaminated with animal feces and rotting food

d. children living in a home contaminated with animal feces and rotting food

Which statement best describes the occurrence of maltreatment?

Select one:

a.Children want to get away from the family of violence.

b.Children in violent households only know violence.

c.The intensity of the violence always increases with time.

d.There is a great deal of loyalty to the offenders.

d. There is a great deal of loyalty to the offenders.

____ involves a combination of exposure therapy and skill building to allow the individual to practice more effective ways of coping with intrusive memories and emotions.

Select one:

a.Psychological first aid

b.Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy

c.Grief and trauma intervention for children

d.Brief counseling

b. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy

Younger children are the most common victims of ____.

Select one:

a.physical abuse

b.emotional abuse

c.sexual abuse

d.neglect

d. neglect

An event would be considered traumatic if it ____.

Select one:

a.is based on stress before a big test

b.involves any type of stress

c.is based on an uncommon or extreme stressor

d.is stress related directly to an incident of physical harm only

c. is based on an uncommon or extreme stressor

Child maltreatment affects boys and girls almost equally except for sexual abuse, where girls account for ____ of the reported victims.

Select one:

a.65%

b.75%

c.80%

d.90%

c. 80%

Children with histories of __________ have the most severe and wide-ranging problems in school and interpersonal adjustment.

Select one:

a.learning disabilities

b.mental illness

c.physical disabilities

d.abuse and neglect

d. abuse and neglect

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between childhood maltreatment and later violent delinquent behavior is true?

Select one:

a.All children who experience physical abuse in childhood later go on to engage in violent delinquent behavior.

b.Very few children who experience physical abuse in childhood later go on to engage in violent delinquent behavior.

c.Children who experience routine violence in childhood are significantly more likely to engage in violent delinquent behavior later on.

d.The experience of physical abuse is significantly associated with violent delinquent behavior later on, except for children who only experience abuse prior to adolescence.

c. Children who experience routine violence in childhood are significantly more likely to engage in violent delinquent behavior later on.

Once environmental and adult factors are controlled, the only child characteristic that has been associated with the risk of sexual abuse is ____.

Select one:

a.age

b.gender

c.temperament

d.conduct problems

b. gender

________________ is characterized by a pattern of disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors.

Select one:

a.Disinhibited social engagement disorder

b.Post-traumatic stress disorder

c.Reactive attachment disorder

d.Chronic fatigue syndrome

c. Reactive attachment disorder

In comparison to boys, girls who express symptoms of PTSD tend to show more:

Select one:

a.shame and self-blame.

b.anger.

c.physical aggression.

d.verbal aggression.

a. shame and self-blame.

Treatment services for families that have maltreated a child have been limited due to ____.

Select one:

a.lack of available services

b.difficulty of parents admitting culpability

c.children not wanting to attend therapy

d.families being financially unable to retain services

b. difficulty of parents admitting culpability

Children who have been abused are more likely to develop PTSD symptoms if ____.

Select one:

a.the perpetrator was their mother

b.they were infants at the time of the abuse

c.they were adolescents at the time of the abuse

d.the abuse was chronic and coercive

d. the abuse was chronic and coercive

For healthy development, children need a caregiving environment that balances their need for ____ with their need for ____.

Select one:

a.control; responsiveness

b.ego-mastery; discipline

c.ego-mastery; responsiveness

d.control; discipline

b. ego-mastery; discipline

Successful treatment of children who have experienced sexual abuse results in children ____.

Select one:

a.regaining their normal rate of development

b.confronting the abuser

c.no longer needing to attend therapy

d.returning to school and peer-related activities

a. regaining their normal rate of development

Maltreatment is least likely to be associated with ____.

Select one:

a.family stress

b.reduced financial status

c.parental resilience

d.marital conflict

c. parental resilience

____ is characterized by a child showing a pattern of overly familiar and culturally inappropriate behavior with relative strangers.

Select one:

a.Disinhibited social engagement disorder

b.Post-traumatic stress disorder

c.Reactive attachment disorder

d.Chronic fatigue syndrome

a. Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Exploitation takes many forms but is most likely to include ____.

Select one:

a.child labor

b.child discipline

c.child photography

d.child poverty

a. child labor

Physically abused children tend to have peer relationships marked by ____.

Select one:

a.withdrawal and aggression

b.avoidance and withdrawal

c.dependency and clinginess

d.friendliness and interest

a. withdrawal and aggression

Maltreated children may experience fewer negative outcomes if they ____.

Select one:

a.are immediately removed from the home

b.can prosecute the offending parent

c.have an external locus of control

d.have a positive self-esteem and sense of self

d. have a positive self-esteem and sense of self

A maltreated child who has been chronically aroused for a long period of time becomes ____ to stress.

Select one:

a.immune

b.unresponsive

c.addicted

d.hyperresponsive

d. hyperresponsive

Maltreated children have a greater tendency to ____ than nonmaltreated children.

Select one:

a.have a disinhibition of emotional expressions

b.exaggerate emotional expressions

c.have difficulty understanding the emotional states of others

d.inhibit emotional expressions and modulating their emotional states

d. inhibit emotional expressions and modulating their emotional states

Which of the following is not characteristic of parents who maltreat their children?

Select one:

a.Information-processing disturbances

b.Unfamiliarity of developmentally appropriate expectations for children

c.Unfamiliarity of the parenting role

d.Self-discipline and patience

d. Self-discipline and patience

For teens, which feeling or action is least likely to occur as a result of stress?

Select one:

a.Feeling overwhelmed

b.Feeling depressed or sad

c.Feeling tired

d.Skipping a meal

d. Skipping a meal

A babysitter who notices bruises on a child who subsequently tells the sitter that her mother hits her is obligated (by law) to ____.

Select one:

a.do nothing

b.remove the child from the home

c.confront the parent

d.alert the police or child welfare agency

d. alert the police or child welfare agency

After prolonged and unpredictable stressful events, cortisol levels ____ and the feedback systems that control hormone levels in the brain may become ____.

Select one:

a.increase; dysfunctional

b.decrease; more functional

c.increase; more functional

d.decrease; dysfunctional

d. decrease; dysfunctional

Maltreatment is more common among ____.

Select one:

a.the poor and disadvantaged

b.minority religious groups

c.minority ethnic groups

d.parents with average intelligence

a. the poor and disadvantaged

Compared to abusive parents, neglectful parents ____.

Select one:

a.have less striking personality disorders

b.have better knowledge of children's needs

c.have more chronic patterns of social isolation

d.become more emotionally and behaviorally reactive under stress

c. have more chronic patterns of social isolation

While adaptive in abusive and inescapable situations, dissociation may lead to ____.

Select one:

a.borderline personality disorder

b.schizophrenia

c.bipolar disorder

d.split psychotic disorder

a. borderline personality disorder

Which statement about sexual abuse offenders is true?

Select one:

a.Sexual abuse offenders only target female children.

b.Sexual abuse offenders often have good social skills.

c.Sexual abuse offenders often gradually indoctrinate children into sexual activity.

d.Sexual abuse offenders have close trusting family relationships.

b. Sexual abuse offenders often have good social skills.

Treatment for child neglect focuses on ____.

Select one:

a.parents modeling skills for children

b.social dominance

c.household management

d.giving children more chores

d. giving children more chores

Which of the following would qualify as physical neglect?

Select one:

a.Supervision from the next room

b.Refusing to allow an adolescent to see friends

c.Delay in seeking health care

d.Letting a teenager come home from school alone

c. Delay in seeking health care

Treatment of physical abuse involves training parents in ____.

Select one:

a.positive child-rearing skills

b.stronger discipline

c.adopting distorted beliefs

d.avoiding interaction

a. positive child-rearing skills

By far, the most common form of maltreatment of children is ____________.

Select one:

a.neglect

b.physical abuse

c.sexual abuse

d.psychological maltreatment

a. neglect

Children living with __________________ are at significantly greater risk of all types of maltreatment.

Select one:

a.both parents

b.a single parent with a live-in partner

c.a single parent

d.nonparental guardians

b. a single parent with a live-in partner

The one form of child maltreatment that boys and girls do not experience equally is _______________.

Select one:

a.emotional abuse

b.physical abuse

c.psychological abuse

d.sexual abuse

d. sexual abuse

Girls are more likely to be sexually abused by ____.

Select one:

a.female family members

b.female nonfamily members

c.male family members

d.male nonfamily members

c. male family members

Pedophiles ____.

Select one:

a.sexually abuse only their children

b.sexually abuse only children unknown to them

c.sexually abuse or fantasize about minor children

d.are sexually aroused by female children only

c. sexually abuse or fantasize about minor children

Traumatic sexualization occurs when ____.

Select one:

a.the child is unaware of sexual practices

b.the emotional abuse is chronic

c.a child's sexual knowledge occurs inappropriately

d.the child is forced to abuse others

c. a child's sexual knowledge occurs inappropriately

Which destabilizing factor is most closely associated with the third and final stage of an integrated model of child abuse?

Select one:

a.A low sense of control and predictability is evident.

b.Multiple sources of anger and aggression exist.

c.The parent believes that the child's behavior is threatening or harmful.

d.The child increases problem behavior.

d. The child increases problem behavior.

Children may be protected in part from the effects of maltreatment if they ____.

Select one:

a.are immediately removed from the home

b.can prosecute the offending parent

c.are abused by only their father and not by their mother

d.have a positive relationship with at least one important and consistent person

d. have a positive relationship with at least one important and consistent person

____ exists to some degree in all forms of maltreatment, making it difficult to define the consequences.

Select one:

a.Emotional abuse

b.Physical abuse

c.Emotional neglect

d.Physical neglect

a. Emotional abuse

Which form of treatment focuses on children who have learned of harm to others?

Select one:

a.Psychoeducation

b.Psychological first aid

c.Psychodynamic storytelling

d.Resilient friend treatment

b. Psychological first aid

____ is an altered state of consciousness, in which the individual feels detached from the body or self, as if what is happening (e.g., a traumatic/abusive experience) is not happening to him or her.

Select one:

a.Self-splitting

b.Dissociation

c.Projection

d.Mental fragmentation

b. Dissociation

Many of the acute symptoms of sexual abuse resemble children's common reactions to ____.

Select one:

a.fatigue

b.stress

c.illness

d.loss of a parent

b. stress

The highest incidence of maltreatment in the United States is due to ____ cases.

Select one:

a.sexual abuse

b.physical abuse

c.neglect

d.emotional abuse

c. neglect

How many children and adolescents with histories of maltreatment involving sexual abuse or combined sexual and physical abuse meet criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Select one:

a.20%

b.30%

c.50%

d.60%

c. 50%

____ is related to sexually abused children's level of distress as well as their recovery from the trauma.

Select one:

a.Gender

b.Maternal support

c.Relation to the perpetrator

d.Paternal support

b. Maternal support

The major sociocultural factor contributing to abuse and neglect of children is ____.

Select one:

a.inequality

b.poverty

c.media violence

d.social violence

a. inequality

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are diagnoses that apply only to children ages __________________.

Select one:

a.birth to 3 years old

b.9 months to 5 years old

c.1 year to 7 years old

d.3 years to 9 years old

b. 9 months to 5 years old

Which of the following is NOT among the worst and most intrusive forms of childhood stress and trauma?

Select one:

a.Child maltreatment

b.Stressful incidents, such as terrorist attacks or hurricanes

c.Exposure to domestic violence

d.Chronic childhood poverty

b. Stressful incidents, such as terrorist attacks or hurricanes

How do cultural norms influence the prevalence of sexual abuse?

Select one:

a.Children are portrayed erotically.

b.Children observe sex play.

c.Children are not valued by parents.

d.Children with anxiety are more likely to be abused.

a. Children are portrayed erotically.